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Show 172 ARACHNIDESto we still presume that these latter Araneides and other large species which weave no web, as also the Galeodes and Solpu. gm, m·e the animals they collectively designated by that name and of which they distinguished several species. Such als~ was the opinion of Mouffct, who, in his Theat. Insect., p. 219, has figured a Lycosa or Mygale, of the island of Can. dia, as a species of Phalangium. Lister was the first and most successful observer of the Spiders, whose habits he was enabled to study; those of Great ~ritain laid the foundations of a natural arrangement, of which most Qf those that have been since published are mere modi. fications. The more recent discovery of species peculiar to hot climates, such as the .llraignee ma9onne described bythe abbe Sau vages, and some others, the use of the organs of man· ducation introduced into the system by Fabricius, a more exact study of the general disposition of the eyes, and of their respective sizes, with that of the relative length of the legs, have alJ contributed to extend this classification. Walck· enact· has entered into the most minute of these details, and it would be a difficult matter to discover a species that could not find its place in some one of his divisions. One character however, existed, the application of which had not been made' general: I allude to the presence or absence of the third ter· mimil hook of the tarsi. Savigny, so far as this is concerned, has given us a new method, of which, however, I have only seen a simple sketch(l ). ( 1) See Walck., F:mn. Franc., note to genus .lltta. We knew nothing of the observations of M. Savigny on the Spiders, whichac. co~pany th.e pb.tcs of Nat. Jlist. of the gt·eo.t work on Egypt, until long after our arttcle rclahve to the same animals was printed. ~hat gcntlem:tn-:-Ilist. Nat. ut sup.-establishcs the following genera in the f.'lmtl~ of the Arat~cHlcs: 1: Anu.nNE, neat· that of Scgcstria, having but six eye~ of whtch the two mtcrmcdlll.te posterior ones arc further forwarcls;-2. L.tcuESI~ near DI:ssus, but with th~ hooks of the Chelicerre, (forcipules, Savign.,) very sm~ll;-..>. Enro?~t, also allted to Urassns as well as to Clubiona; thorax very high bel ore;. second JOmt of the palpi spinous, and dilo.ted into angle or tooth at the extremtty;-4. lh:MILIA, allied to Agelena and Theridion of Walckenaer; feet long an~ slender, the superior nails bidcntate; eyes united on an eminence, nr· ranged m two transverse lines, and curved backwards; two very long fusi PULMONARllE. 173 M. Leon Dufour, who has published many excellent memoirs on the anatomy of Insects, who has especially studied those of Valencia, among which he has detected several new species, and to whose labours the science of Botany is not less indebted, has paid particular attention to the respiratory organs of spiders, and it is from him that we have taken our divisions, which consist of those that have four pulmonary sacs-with as many external stigmata, two on each sicle, and closely approximated-and of such as have but two( I). The first, which embraces the order of the Theraphosre of Walckrnacr, and some other genera of the one he collectively designates by the name of Spiders, acccording to our method form but the single genus MYGALE. Their eyes always situated at the anterior extremity of the thorax, and usually, closely approximated; feet and chelicerre robust; copulating organs of the males always salient and frequently very simple. Most of them have but four fusi, of which the two lateral or external, situated somewhat above the others, are longest, and consist of three segments, exclusive of the prominence that forms their peduncle. They weave silken tubes in which they reside, and which they conceal either in holes excavated by them for that purpose, or under stones, bark of trees, or between leaves. The Theraphosre of Walckenaer will form a first division, the characters of which are: 1. Four(2) fusi, of which the two that are intermediate and inferior, arc usually very short, and the two · that are exterior, very salient; the hooks of the chelre doubled underneath, or along their carina or inferior edge, and not on the inner side of their internal face, or upon it; eight eyes always, usually grouped on a little eminence, three on each side, forming a forming a tail;-5. AnACIINn, which does not appear to us to differ from Ange· lena;-6. AnGYOPF.s, Epeirre whose anterior, lateral eyes are much smaller than th.e others;-7. EN Yo, fifth family of the Theridion, Walck. ;-8. OcYALE, second family of the Dolomedes, I d. (1) Section of the Terri tela: of our first edition. (2) I have perceived, in the Atypi, vestiges of two other mammilla:, thoie which, in the Spiders of the ensuing division, are placed between the four exterior ones, and nrc, there, very visible; as they arc here but scarceJy apparent, I have not thought it requisite to notice them. |