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Show 132 AMOUNT OF EARTII CHAP. III. 1narl had been strewed several times at un-· known datos, holes were dug in 1842; and a layer of cinders could be traced at a depth of 3J~ inches, beneath which at a depth of 9~ in2c hes from the surface there was a I'm e of cjnders together with burnt marl. On tho sides of one hole there were two layers of cinders, at 2 and 3k inches beneath the surface; and below them at a depth in parts of 9!, and in other parts of 1 Ok inches there were fragments of burnt marl. In a fourth field two layers of lime, one above the other, could be distinctly traced, and beneath them a layer of cinders and burnt marl at a depth of from 10 to 12 inches below the surface . .1\. piece of waste, swampy land was enclosed, drained, ploughed, harrowed and thickly covered in the year 1822 with burnt marl and cinders. It was sowed with grass seeds, and now supports a tolerably good but coarse pasture. Holes were dng in this field in 1837, or 15 years after its reclamation, . ~. and we see in the accompanying amgram (Fig. 5), reduced to half of the natural scale, that the turf was k inch thick, beneath which there was a layer of vegetable mould 2~ inches CIIAP. III. BROUGHT UP BY WORMS. 133 thick. This layer did not contain frao-rnent~::~ 0 of any kind ; but beneath it thoro was a layer of mould, li inch in thickness, full of fragment.· A D J) .Fig. 5. Section, reduced to half the natural scale of the verre table moul<l in a field, drained and reclaimed fifte;n years p~eviously; A, turf; B, vegetable mould without arry stones· C mould with fragments of burnt marl, coal-cind ers and ~u;rtz pebbles; D, sub-soil of black, peaty sand with quartz pebbles. of burnt Inarl, conspicuous from their red colour, one of whjch near the bottom was an |