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Title	A novel player in mitochondrial protein quality control
Publication Type	dissertation
School or College	School of Medicine
Department	Biochemistry
Author	Heo, Jin-Mi
Date	2011-08
Description	Progressive mitochondrial dysfunction is central to the development ofmany human pathologies including cancer, heart failure, and neurodegenerativediseases. Despite numerous studies convincingly connecting these disease states with mitochondrial dysfunction, the mechanistic bases remain elusive. Asignificant fraction of the mitochondrial proteome is uncharacterized but highlyconserved. The conservation of these proteins suggests they are important forbasic mitochondrial function. Using yeast, C. elegans and cultured mammalian cells, we have demonstrated that a novel, highly evolutionally conserved protein which we have designated VCP/Cdc48-associated Mitochondrial Stress responsive 1 (Vms1) is a crucial component of a previously unknown mitochondria-associated protein degradation pathway. Normally, Vms1 is in the cytoplasm in a stable complex with both Cdc48 (VCP/p97) and Npl4, components of the ubiquitinproteasome system. Upon mitochondrial stress, however, Vms1 recruits both Cdc48 and Npl4 to mitochondria. Based on the well-known functions of Cdc48 and Npl4 in ER-associated protein degradation, we hypothesized that Vms1 is a novel adaptor protein that recruits Cdc48 and Npl4 to mitochondria to promote the degradation of ubiquitinated mitochondrial proteins by the proteasome. Consistent with our model, deletion of VMS1 caused significant accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins in purified mitochondria as well as stabilization of Fzo1, the only known mitochondrial substrate of the ubiquitin-proteasome system inyeast. Moreover, a Vms1 mutant lacking Cdc48/Npl4 interaction was completely non-functional and overexpression of both Cdc48 and Npl4 could partially suppress the vms1Δ mutant phenotype, suggesting that the primary role of Vms1 is the recruitment of Cdc48 and Npl4 to mitochondria for degradation of mitochondrial proteins under stress conditions.Interestingly, the Vms1 localization is dynamically regulated by its intramolecularinteraction. In normal condition, this association keeps the protein in the cytoplasm. Upon mitochondrial stress, however, the interaction is disruptedso that Vms1 is targeted to mitochondria. We have also shown that this Vms1-mediated mitochondrial stress responsive quality control is conserved from yeast to worms to mammals. In the absence of this system, mitochondria progressively lose their function and cell and organismal death ensues. Greater understanding of the Vms1 pathway may, therefore, enable us to devise new approaches to cope with these disease states.
Type	Text
Publisher	University of Utah
Subject	Molecular biology; Cellular biology; Biochemistry
Subject MESH	Mitochondria; Mitochondrial Diseases; Proteomics; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins ; Ubiquitins; DNA, Mitochondrial; Transcription Factor CHOP; Oxidative Phosphorylation Coupling Factors; Reactive Oxygen Species; Oxidative Stress; Mitochondrial Membranes; Mitochondrial Proteins; Oxygen Consumption; Mitochondrial Degradation; Carrier Proteins
Dissertation Institution	University of Utah
Dissertation Name	Doctor of Philosophy
Language	eng
Relation is Version of	Digital version of A Novel Player in Mitochondrial Protein Quality Control
Rights Management	© Jin-Mi Heo
Format	application/pdf
Format Medium	application/pdf
Format Extent	15,430,625 bytes
Source	Original in Marriott Library Special Collections
ARK	ark:/87278/s6sn3x9j
DOI	https://doi.org/doi:10.26053/0H-NS49-6N00
Setname	ir_etd
ID	1200138
Reference URL	https://collections.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6sn3x9j

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Title	Page 31
Format	application/pdf
Setname	ir_etd
ID	1200169
OCR Text	Show 18 Acknowledgements We thank Dr. Tim Formosa, Dr. Dennis Winge and Dr. Janet Shaw for critical reading of the manuscript. The work in the Rutter laboratory related to this topic is supported by NIH grant GM087346. References Arlt, H., Tauer, R., Feldmann, H., Neupert, W., Langer, T. (1996). The YTA10-12 Complex, an AAA Protease with Chaperone-like Activity in the Inner Membrane of Mitochondria, Cell, 85, 875-885. Azzu, V., Brand, M. (2009). Degradation of an intramitochondrial protein by the cytosolic proteasome, J. Cell Sci., 123, 578-585. Chan, N.C., Salazar, A.M., Pham, A.H., Sweredoski, M.J., Kolawa, N.J., Graham, R.L.J., Hess, S., Chan, D.C. (2011). Broad activation of the ubiquitin-proteasome system by Parkin is critical for mitophagy, Hum. Mol. Genet. Feb 4. [Epub ahead of print]. Devi, L., Prabhu, B.M., Galati, D.F., Avadhani, N.G., Anandatheerthavarada, H.K. (2006). Accumulation of Amyloid Precursor Protein in the Mitochondrial Import Channels of Human Alzheimer's Disease Brain Is Associated with Mitochondrial Dysfunction, J. Neurscience, 26, 9057- 9068. Devi, L., Raghavendran, V., Prabhu, B.M., Avadhani, N.G., Anandatheerthavarada, H.K. (2008). Mitochondrial Import and Accumulation of α-Synuclein Impair Complex I in Human Dopaminergic Neuronal Cultures and Parkinson Disease Brain, J. Biol. Chem., 283, 9089-9100. Du, H., Guo, L., Fang, F., Chen, D., Sosunov, A.A., McKhann, G.M., Yan, Y., Wang, C., Zhang, H., Molkentin, J.D., Gunn-Moore, F.J., Vonsattel, J.P., Arancio, O., Chen, J.X., Yan, S.D. (2008). Cyclophilin D deficiency attenuates mitochondrial and neuronal perturbation and ameliorates learning and memory in Alzheimer's disease, Nature, 14, 1097-1105. Finley, L.W.S., Haigis, M.C. (2009). The coordination of nuclear and mitochondrial communication during aging and calorie restriction, Aging Research Reviews, 8, 173-188. Geisler, S., Holmström, K.M., Skujat, D., Fiesel, F.C., Rothfuss, O.C., Kahle, P.J., Springer, W. (2010). PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy is dependent on VDAC1 and p62/SQSTM1, Nat. Cell Biol., 12, 119-131.
Reference URL	https://collections.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6sn3x9j/1200169