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Show 1900] SOUTHWESTERN INDIANS 187 an altar, is constructed in the kiva, the chief feature being a complicated sand mosaic, reminding one of the sand paintings of the Navajo. Numerous symbolic figures are represented, especially the symbols for clouds and rain, and prayer - sticks and other objects are placed around it. Prayer- sticks are always used in connection with religious ceremonies, for without them the supplication would be ineffectual. In some of the ceremonies, to make the prayers to the clan ancestors called " katcinas" more effectual, these deities are impersonated by men wearing masks and dressed in costumes characteristic of these beings. Nearly all of the ceremonies, though in large part secret, close with a public performance, often most brilliant and striking, of which the snake- dance is a good example. The purpose of these elaborate ceremonies may be summed up in one word- rain. The very existence of the Pueblo Indian is dependent upon his crops, of which corn is the most important. In the arid region in which he lives it is always a question whether the rainfall will be sufficient to bring this to maturity. He believes that there are immense reservoirs in the heavens where the water is stored up, and hence every endeavor is made to gain the favor of the powers above, who control the supply, that they may grant him sufficient rain and a bountiful harvest. In Mexico and Central America appear a great number of Indian tribes, representing numerous 1 |
