OCR Text |
Show ANTIQUITY OF MAN 77 more advanced type of culture. In connection with both varieties deposits of burned clay and ashes occur. The so- called " garden- beds," low, parallel ridges about six or eight inches high and four to ten feet apart, are chiefly found in Michigan and Wisconsin, but their significance is unknown. ^ Mines and quarries are found in innumerable places, and in their neighborhood there are often the " workshops" where the rough material was further worked over. At these quarries there are often great numbers of broken pieces, imperfect or defective specimens, rejects, etc., showing all stages of the process of manufacture from the first beginning up to the finished implement. \ The quarries and quarry workshops which are most common are those for the manufacture of flaked implements, such as arrow-points, spear- heads, stone knives, and the like. For this purpose bowlders of suitable rock, as, for example, quartzite, were sought, and the quarries are found where deposits of such bowlders or favorable rock occur. The implements were made by fracturing and chipping the rock into suitable shapes. Softer formations, such as steatite or soapstone, were quarried from massive deposits by means of picks and chisels of harder and tougher stone. 1 Copper 1 Holmes, " Stone Implements of the Potomac - Tidewater Province " ( Bureau of Ethnology, Fifteenth Annual Report); also two shorter papers by the same author- viz., " A Quarry Workshop of the Flaked Stone Implement Makers in the D. C." and " Excavations in an Ancient Soapstone Quarry in the D. C." ( American Anthropologist, III., 1, 321). |