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Show 182 BASIS OF AMERICAN HISTORY [ 1500 walls of the canon, which according to tradition were once occupied by certain families; hence it is probable that in early days the Havasupai were cliff-dwellers. 1 The term " pueblo," a Spanish word meaning village, has come into general use as the name both for a certain kind of Indian town or village found in the southwest and for the inhabitants of those villages as well. The pueblos are of the communal type, the houses rising from one to five or six stories in height and arranged along more or less irregular passageways or courts. They are usually substantially built of adobe or of stone laid in a clay mortar, with square or rectangular rooms and flat roofs. The larger buildings rise like terraces, the upper stories being reached from the roof of the one next below. Formerly at least, the lower tier of rooms was entered from above from the first terrace, which was reached by ladders which could be pulled up in times of danger; there were no doors on the ground floor. Since the danger of hostile attacks has ceased doors are very frequently made opening on the street. While some of the pueblos are situated on the plain, others are placed on lofty heights which can only be reached by steep and difficult trails. About the middle of the sixteenth century the number of pueblos was estimated at sixty- five; at " Cushing, " The Nation of the Willows" ( Atlantic Monthly, L-. 36a- 374, 541- 559)- |