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Show IQOO] ESKIMO AND PACIFIC skin canoe gives place to the wooden " dug- out," which is hollowed from a single log, usually of cedar, and is found in all sizes from eight to forty feet or more in length, the larger canoes being thoroughly sea- worthy and capable of making long excursions along the coast.\ Fish- hooks, spears, nets, and lines of great variety and efficiency have been devised, and among all these tribes the capture of salmon, halibut, and eulachon or candle- fish is the chief employment of the men. Agriculture is practically unknown, but vegetable food is represented by berries and roots, which are gathered by the women and are found in great abundance on the luxuriant slopes of the main- land and the adjacent islands. With the excessive rain- fall of the region some permanent and effective type of dwelling became a necessity, and the result is a huge, square type of house built of roughhewn cedar planks and roofed in with bark. Houses of this character, forty and fifty feet square, are not uncommon, and some of the earlier explorers report them of much greater size. The interiors are divided into rooms or compartments, each for a separate family. """ A noticeable feature of these coast villages is the totem poles, which are carved from the trunks of trees and are really heraldic columns. They are placed in front of the houses of chiefs, and record in sculpture the tradition of the owner's family or clan. Among the southern tribes of the group |