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Show 64 V. KEYAH SANI fare. The conflict could have been between early Pueblo groups. But at least one house found in the region was not very different from a Navajo hogan. Most of the burned homes were pithouses. In one of these houses, an entire family died. Later Father Haile wrote, "A Navajo distrusts an underground dwelling, saying, 'Why bury yourself alive?' " Perhaps this feeling came out of early conflicts that touched the People. By A.D. 1100, a culture called the Gallina-Largo had developed south and east of Gobernador Canyon. This was a settlement of early Jemez people, who may have been joined by the Navajos. The Gallina-Largo people had pointed-bottom pottery and a special type of axe. They made much use of antlers. Their buildings had some puebloan features but were not like those in the Four Corners region. Further west, at Chaco Canyon, the pueblos built in open fields were being abandoned. The Anasazi began to build Pueblo Bonito, which came to look more and more like a fort. About A.D. 1300, the Great Pueblo was finally abandoned. The same thing happened in southwestern Colorado. There the peoples moved from mesa-top sites to larger and safer cliff dwellings like those at Mesa Verde. Towers were also built into the pueblos. Conflict must have played a large part in these changes. Probably Pueblo farmers were attacked as they worked in their fields. Isolated groups and small settlements may have been raided, though it is unlikely that war parties ever tried to attack the larger cliff dwellings. In any case, by A.D. 1300 the Anasazi had left the Four Corners area. Some traveled east to build pueblos on the upper Rio Grande above Santa Fe. Others moved from the Four Corners, Canyon de Chelly, and Betatakin-Keet Siel to Black Mesa and became Hopis. At about the same time, the Fremont Culture disappeared from northern and eastern Utah. Though there was surely conflict, there is no proof that large-scale war caused the Anasazi to leave. And no one really knows who attacked the early Pueblos. "Anasazi" is a Navajo word that means "ancient enemies," and some scholars have said that perhaps the People drove the early Pueblos out of the region. Other scholars have suggested that, not Navajos, but ancestors of the Utes and the Paiutes moved into the Four Corners and drove out the Anasazi. These newcomers did not enter the Virgin River country until about A.D. 1100. Then they spread rapidly into northern Nevada and Utah, perhaps |