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Show VII. NAHONZHOODiVA' a divide-and-conquer strategy. He used treaties, large payments, and gifts to keep the friendship of peaceful tribes. Then he sent the friendly tribes to attack the hostile Indians. Settlers were also moved into fewer towns for safety. The Navajos began causing problems for the Spaniards again in 1780. The Gila Apaches were raiding the upper Rio Grande. They came by way of Navajo lands. Some Navajos joined the Apaches in raids on New Mexico and the towns of northern Sonora, Mexico. So Governor Anza tried to break up the alliance by forcing the Navajos to help him fight the Gila Apaches. The New Mexicans faced other Navajo problems in 1790. A long drought had killed many of the Hopis, and the Spaniards wanted to remove these Pueblos to new towns on the Rio Grande. Rather than give in to Spanish control, many Hopis chose to take their chances with their sometime enemies, the Navajos. In spite of old hatreds, the Navajos took many Hopis into their tribe. Still the Spaniards moved 150 Hopis to the Rio Grande in 1780. Governor Anza tried peaceful methods to stop the Navajo raids, which had become serious. At first he had little success. By 1784 Navajo attacks were so serious that the governor used force to try to break the Navajo-Gila Apache league. First he tried to block the route between the two tribes by placing forty soldiers on the Rio San Jose. Then he ordered that all trade with the Navajos be stopped. This took much wealth from the tribe. At last Navajo leaders agreed to help Spain fight the Gila Apaches. For the next few years, some Navajos joined the Spaniards and their Indian allies in the war against the Apaches. Anza rewarded the Indians with gifts. He also restored trade. Still, there were never more than fifty warriors who joined the Spanish soldiers at any one time. The Spaniards thought that one Navajo leader was still helping the Apaches. They believed that this man, Antonio El Pinto, kept his people from giving total support to the Spanish effort. El Pinto had been among the Navajos who joined the Apaches to raid Sonora. In July 1785, he came to Santa Fe with thirteen other leaders and apologized for his actions. Anza still did not trust him, though. The governor was afraid that El Pinto's regret was only temporary. With Spanish rewards of food, horses, cattle, and firearms, the Navajos seemed to have given up the Apache alliance. Still Anza was not sure. He knew that individuals could rejoin their former allies. To prevent that, the Spaniards hit upon the idea of |