| OCR Text |
Show 76 VI. NAAKAIIXBAHI NINAAD^ the Navajos. Nine leaders from the Pueblos of Isleta, Alameda, San Felipe, Cochiti, and Jemez were hanged. But Indian resistance did not end. Earlier governors, like Rosas, had made large slave-raids. But their raids were small compared to those made by the Spanish governors after 1660. One owned ninety slaves and sent seventy or eighty others to be sold in the south. On one occasion, he murdered a Navajo peace party he had invited to Jemez. Then he raided their homes to enslave their wives and children. Another leader had so many slaves that he gave more than one hundred of them away. And this governor gave the People another reason for war. In 1663 he made a rule which kept the Navajos and the other Apaches from entering the Pueblos to trade. In the 1660s and 1670s, the Navajos fought constantly with New Mexico. The colony also faced a drought and famine during the late 1660s. Disease came after the drought in 1671. Many Pueblo people died, and the Spaniards could barely hold onto their weak colony. Seeing how weak the Spaniards were, the angry Navajos struck at the settlements. To defend themselves, the Spaniards had to retreat. They abandoned at least seven Pueblos during the 1670s. The Spaniards still sent out the army to fight the Navajos, though. The soldiers always did much damage and took many captives, but they failed to stop the raids. They asked for more aid from New Spain, and by 1679 they were ready for the largest campaign ever against the Navajos. Before they could launch the attack, though, the Southwest Indians struck a blow of their own. The Indian Revolution Led by a Tewa named Pope, the Pueblos revolted in August 1680. Their main goal was the return of religious freedom. The Navajos and Apaches aided the rebellion, and many of them joined in the fighting. They too hoped to end Spanish rule. And they wanted to restore their old relationship with the Pueblos. After the revolt, the Spaniards retreated to El Paso. But they hoped that, in part, the revolt would work in their favor. They thought that the Apaches and Navajos would make life so hard for the Pueblos that the town Indians would welcome the return of Spanish rule. But such was not the case. What little news came from New Mexico showed that the different Indian groups were |
