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Show THE COMING OF THE SPANIARDS 75 The Navajos attacked the Pueblos more often during the seventeenth century than they had in the past. The Spaniards had come between the two peoples, and Navajo anger toward the whites was also directed at those Pueblos who had accepted the enemy. Missionaries and other Spaniards were present in the Pueblo towns. That made it impossible for raiders to know their friends from their foes. The Pueblos bore a large burden in the constant conflict. Their labor, their possessions, and their children were at the mercy of the Spaniards. The priests kept them from holding onto even the most personal part of their lives, their spiritual beliefs. Often starving, many Pueblos took refuge with the Navajos. These refugees not only changed Navajo culture, they also caused more raids against the Spaniards. The Pueblos wanted revenge, and the Navajos were willing to help. Governor Rosas fought a civil war with the Catholic fathers from 1637 to 1641. He drove all of the missionaries out of the Pueblo towns and forced many of the Pueblos to fight back. He also urged the Navajos to attack the horse herds of his enemies. During the civil war, the Navajos increased their raids. Rosas wanted wealth, and he saw slaves as the best way to get rich. Spanish slave-raids, more than anything else, angered the Navajos. Many of New Mexico's governors were slavers. Prevented by Spanish law from having any business or trade, the governors still sought as much profit as they could gain from their position. So trading parties sent to Indians' homelands often brought back slaves. It was common for slavers to start battles in order to take captives. The captives then became servants in New Mexico, were sold to masters in New Spain, or were sent to the mines at Parral. Although there were many laws against this trade, they had almost no effect. Slave-raids simply paid too well. By 1641 the Spanish fathers had defeated Rosas. They quickly began large campaigns against the Navajos. Many of the People were killed in these campaigns. Even more were captured. And their crops and food supplies were destroyed. Soon the Navajos asked for peace in order to get the Spaniards off their lands. But the truce lasted only a few years. By 1645 the Navajos and Jemez had formed an alliance. When the Spaniards heard of the plan, they hanged twenty-nine men from Jemez Pueblo. But Spain could not control the Navajos, even with major campaigns against the People on the San Juan River in 1647 and 1649. In 1650 the Spaniards heard of far more serious plans for revolt, which involved many of the Pueblos and |