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Show ~ 1 n gruding and chnngc of locnlion. Surprise Y tlllcy is n long, nnrrow strip of lnnd, strrtchccl nl o n~ tho cmstcl'll foothi lis of tho S i ~·rr-a N cvatl ,~ mann tn ins, untl eloping dowo into nllmlillc IukeR, nnll the su.nd tlncl sage desert thllt form:~ its ca..,tern bountlary. 'l'ilcHo foot hil ls, n.ntl the lower portions of the 8pnrs nt·c gcncrully oovt~ rcd wit.IJ u bonntiful g t\ )Wlh of lHlrw h-gTt\~N . whilo uct Wl '<'ll many of thorn, nnd some titncs rxt<'ntling ont ar·on tHl them t ow :ml~ the dn•My W;l'tlO to thr! <'a~'w11r I. nt·e Bffi!lll lt'aCt~ Ol' exc.tJlc•nt tillag-n ltllld. COV(' I'· cu with gra~s. rns ' 1c~. uud ~lh1l~ or clovrr nntl wihl pra vin1J. l t i ~ wPII wnten•<1 by spl'ings nne! ~ tl'<'ll llH pntlill •.( down from tilt' Sierra.q, but th c~:~u u ~ u u ll y sink on J'C't\chi n·r the level or the lnk<>s, 111111 tuu S:lgC fi t•hl:' into which tl l(•y flo.v. Tim l)~· r, pi rw. i~ ahnntlnnt nln n '~ tlw Sierras nnd of fu it· qnnli ty. Oarne of all lrinllli com:uou to Ualifornin, scorn '! to bL' plrnty. 'l'he geneml ~l irect ion 0f th.• v.tlh·y i:-: from north to south, incliuing- cnllsidcrubly to the MSiwt~r·J ns we npprrHlCh its sout hern extremity. fL is n.bnnt eight 111 i lc>~ wide whero we ct·o~sed it, j tiHL north of the old Southern Ernig!·nnt t·outc, untl pa-;~, nncl nenr its northern extrrnrity, nnd it seem. l11mlly probable that it is mnc:h if any widet· t\nywllcr·c rl ~r. lt wus nss"r tetl that fully seventy land cluirns were Joe dccl hel'l' previous to our v:!lit to it, thongh of th · cluimunts it was said thut not more than about forty were then present in tho vall1'Y· i':;omc of thrsc are witlrout <luu'>t bonn. fdc ecttler3. Dreamy Yl3 10lUS or cl i ~-t· i hll' town si l~·s, anti vuluablo tilltbl't' cl,dtlli'i r,,,. supplying the so called Pn<'blo mine~; wirh lumber, no<] o.n unfoumled c l ~lirn to the cli~covcry of the vallPy. hns hml lll'ICh · to do wit It 1 he ll.t l tering- acc Hllll1:1 that la,ve U"Cil ptrbli:·dt(•d conccrninl{ i t, nnu l11t vt• hr(·n tho ni •'!L ll~ or clJ'il will~ tn it the g-rcalL'I' portion Of iiA p r<'~t'lll. prt pll)HtiOP. ;\II the popnlnt ion or this valh•y is inrlUIJ)!(> rOIIS proxitn ity to th~ rvt•r· ho~til e lnd ir1ns who inft·st t l.rc whole of th<' Rlu-rouncling conntt·y, nud by whom it iH li~tl,Je to bo molest{·1l nt uny montr nL. The old 81lnl h t'll OrPg-on l~rn ig ra nt road by wny of the llurnholt, ~ r·ostll'S th i!:! valll'y, nn<l hils been nM•<l moro or It·~:-~ by the OV\'rl rl tHJ illlmigmlion to ~outher u Or(!gotl an1l Korthrnt Calif,lt'll iu, 1-l in ct~ 181:1. Ln 18 15, lfon. Jp~so ApplPgH tt•, wh0 was thoroughly rmlPntiticcl wi th tlw inter. e!'IS or On•gon tl uri ng h 'l' entire tl'l'l'it()riul pupil!11~c. ns llo htls continued to be since NIH! h11a t\rlvn rtC"d to tho sovcre i1~11ty of n. Strttt•, pnH~(·u frorn the Wil'amr ttP vai!Py thrott"·h those of U tn pfJil:\ ancl H.ngnn Ri ver. tlwnce 1\t'CI'O<.~S the Ca:-;c:Hl nrH] SiPrl'l\ rungc·s ol IHOIIIllain~ . n~ tho Hfltrth(·rn l~~mi~ mnt routl iH located, t'\tlll onwurd to t he vicinity or r~'t>t't Jl tlll; ret nrning by th•! S:ln rc roure with a portion of thP. overland irn11r igrution of that, to the irnrnigrati nn, rn nst futul yrut'. 'l'hc cred it t iJcrcfore ft>t' tho c~ploruti o o of the Bt,ut hern Oregon 11:migi'Unt r·ond, und the cl :scovery of tlro p11s~ over the Sicrl'us, 1\:i well us th~t across thu u~l~Cu tl u Monn tnins nel\r lhl:l heud of R'lgue Hi vet· vu.lll•y, is due to b iu~, nnd n~ n. cnU:'<'C]IIt'ncc, the crt>dit for the di ~co ve:ry o! whut is now ~ urprisc vnl~cy . !G appears l'rorn tho best datn. nt b1\ntl thnt Cu.pt ain Wttr·rwr, U. S. A., wu~ ki lh•d in SurpriHe vallt'y. :'eptcmb<'l' 0th 18·19, rLt tl poin t nlh)IIL tW\~lvc milt?S SOUtb o(' the ol<l Jt~rnigmnt pns'!. Tire Lnl<t'S of Sur·priao vull 'y-threr. ill numuN- nrc eo strongly ulktdiue uli to bl! \') ,, " .... ---·----- 1,1 urtl•rly ur tlit f tll' any lli!C whf\t<'vt•r. T it.~ ' cruhl{• nm01111t of rncrchnn,Ji..;e, f'ITTl<' (tf np]wr, or· thn lll'l~t north<'rn of th~.~ th r·t·t!, , th t• t.•,unq, t0o , ll'it1d irt tlw t ran~por· tot io n waH uhont eig-ht mi lt•R lr>ng r1111l tlrrlk nt .ks I of' tlt. !~C g• IOtl~ W•'rl' ()XC'Il, whi cl1 Ut' illl~ nt witle when we p:\ ,;~ed it, b11t it~; d,•pllt was l lwst sJ,lw to stn l'l in till' 111 lrning, slow to unt more thiLn nhnnt fou r· fu1! l. 'l'hiR trf\\'l'l, nrd, C'lllfl '(('l r·ntly J.ile tn rench nn,l the 11cxt ono Rllllth of itnrn l<nOW II to calllp. tn'Lrle ti ll' d111y of !!llll',ling thrrn ltt\VO bel!n dr·y Sl~VL'rul tinw~ sine.• their tlnri11 r t h .~ duy tl " uhly 1:\l·h>l'inus, both to ol'igit·lld cliHCOVl'ry, nnd tl11•ir h~ d.;; Ctl \·cr·e,] men u11d hnrt-~n~ . W i I h U ll i II C 1'1 HI: 11.1 i () ll 0 f nJ k al i. H 1.:<' ll K D Fn•: l 'T I(') :'1'. From this p tt'i~ or tlH! HicrmR, the old Th:tWC!'Il tire ~ i C'rm Kcvud l~ llH'lllOtninq, l •;rttigTunt roulo ct·o:;qp~ ~llt'pt·i~r. vall t•y di- t~ t tho old It; ni!!l'tlr tt l'u ,o~l-1, urHl the Owylwe f\ !!l)lltl lly. rl i vt •rg-in~ fnt· to tltc Sr)uthwurd, r· iv.•r by wry of Pt~ chltL vul 'ey. D istance nnd th l• rl'~ ion t l ll'llt t~ lr which it pa~~t"~ he!- twohuntlrcdtt•HI Ci,!.thtysi x tnda hdfmilc~. ing- ~tnllewlutt f111ni!in r to ~ C•lll:-idt•r·ahlr I Direct ion, nnrthwut·,J, enAt, Rout.henst, pMtion of t.bn p~'n ph> of ('aliro rlli ll 1\lld n o rthen~t, 110 th. nntl!.t!.!'llirt etll-lt. (Jontin· Orog-nn, it was dPcid.:d tlrat our Cl)llt'HO uation of the mnr·ch to tlHJ Owyl1ce mi ne~, shnttlcl be ll!'l 11<'1lr ulc)n~ tho for·ty ~l'L:()t ll l tlt t•nce to B(li~c . purullcl of north luri ru th\, a~ t.lrr lllltnr·c ol Pu.sing cJing-on"lly acr·v<~s Ant• pt· i~c Vulthe C£>11 n try wou lu ttd tn it of our· pus-;ltg't} ley in a nnrthoa.'it <l i n;ct ion, we matle the with wagous. nscrn t on l of it hy an e"~Y grl\tl•·, up sev- Heveral of the hctwy 1'< •nm'~-Ailcn's 1d narrow b:1nk'l or ~tl'ppC$1, nn<l over snc-tmi11 -th11t hnrl trnvrlt·~l nnclt! t' tlte proll'C t- ct·~~ivC' J',lll!{t'~ of thr fu •,t hilla (lf th<' Sicr· inn rrf 11tll cotntnlliH1 from . ' pr·tt~II" 'H ri,·cr·, J'a:1, pr·n .. wnt i n~ nltenrate putcln•s of lrugdc~ ci<l ,•d to k•'CP n lon~ thtl old rnttte vitt mentnry lav1' rln 1 Rlu.tc , wo Clltc·n~<l by n Hlaek n,.,t·lc Onft r111 nnd the II IIIYlbtlltl t, gt•n tlc tJ,·:W•·nt, into n very Amall valley Ol' tlH•nco northwnru to the O wyhe~ rnin t•s ;- trongh in wilieh i~ HitrtrltC<l n fl rnt\ll tulc thl'ir ownCI'H not lik itl!.( tn \'<!ttln t'H n~·tdn Inlet•. TiliH ti'OtH.rh. as it m:ly prnpcrly into !\11 lllli'Xploretl l'el{i r)n, rnt~r·e (•flp •eially \w crdl r•tl, is ohnn l 0 \' (> rnilt"S in length UJ the dr'l'lll')', urrinviting one upt>n w;tieh wo two milc·s in widt h. Ot'llR~ nlong its west· trall cleri 1• <1 to cnt11r. Hk harlbon, Mnr- t>rn lim i ts, towt\1'(19 the Sit•rms, is uhund· gun nncl othcM.-in fitct al l of the Oalifor· nnt 11ntl of g:>otl qnu.Jity, much of it th e~ nin trnin.;, incl n,]ing nine rt.HII ili!-'fl, m;nlvl•d nutr·itious bunch gms!l, P utl ing- in from to rl•turdn with the comnrunll aud und,•r its a. pnrti n.lly !;ll llW toppc.>d lllOIIntnin of tha pr<Jteetinn, und pr·0fit by it~ f'ncccss or Sicrrns, il:l t\ !lrnllll strcnrn or pure cold wuEihare it R 1h!fetl t. I o one of t h!'~l! tmi ns tcr, nnd scvcrul C'X<:ellou t ~prings burst ou t there Wl~rc over· twenty nlf'n, hnvin~· in tho ulong tho root-hills tlmt f0rm its western wrly of l\t·ms but sl:!vcn picCL'il, r if1ll3 and lim it~ . 'l'lla wutcr of tho fi Lke is poor r('volvvr~. however, owin~ to the fnl'l tha t it contllin3 'J'lle whole nmrrber of horRCH, m11ll'S antl n lurgo umonn t of J~coyl·d wgcrnble mat. eutlle to be gutll'dctl nnci Cl\red fo'r uu<h·r tcr, of its own prouuction , nntl ha\'ing no thij'!e ci rcu mHtn nc~s wus hnl'dly loRs thuu rpgulur our let. The sp1· ing,:~ urul slrC'arn• thil't<'eu huu ~lrcl1, nr11l in ut.ldition n cow~i u nr·u fring·t>d with willo w», nut! in muny |