| Show EPDEMIOLOGICAL AND STATISTICAL TERMSassociationterm signifyingrelationship between two or more events or variables Events are said to be associated when they occur more frequently together than one would expect by chance Association does not necessarily implycasual relationship Statistical significance testing enablesresearcher to determine the likelihood of observing the sample relationship by chance if in fact no association exists in the population that was sampled The terms association and relationship are often used interchangeably causality produces an effect Any given cause may Relating causes to the effects they produce be necessary sufficient neither or both Most of epidemiology concerns causality and several types of causes can be distinguished cause is termed necessary whenparticular variable must always precede an effect This effect need not be the sole result of the one variable cause is termed sufficient when particular variable inevitably initiates or confidence intervalrange within which an estimate is deemed to be close to the actual value being measured In statistical measurements estimates cannot be said to be exact matches but rather are defined in terms of their probability of matching the value of the thing being measured etiology Cause term used by epidemiologists probability value In statistics the quality of being sharply The likelihood that an event will occur is the number of distinguishable alternatives from whichmeasurement was selected When looking at differences between data samples statistical techniques are used to determine if the differences are likely to significant digits in the measurement from which the sample is drawn or if they which is the degree of conformity of the samples For example probability or measure tostandard or true value Often value of one percent indicates that the differences observed would have occurred defined or stated One measure of precision sometimes indicated by the number of Precision can be contrasted with accuracy however this contrast is not relevant because the true value is not known reflect real differences in the whole group are simply the result of random variation in by chance in one out ofhundred samples drawn from the same data Digital image 2005 Marriott Library University of Utah Al rights reserved |
