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Show Journal of Neuro- Ophthalmology 21( 4): 316- 321, 2001. © 2001 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc., Philadelphia Book Reviews Section Editor: Barrett Katz, MD, MBA Neuro- Ophthalmology: Diagnosis and Management Grant T. Liu, Nicholas J. Volpe, and Steven L. Gal-etta. W. B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia, PA, September, 2000. ISBN: 0721665330, Price: $ 129.00 Scope: This basic text presents a thorough and clinically useful overview of neuro- ophthalmologic diseases. Included are helpful reviews of neuroanatomy, visual fields, ancillary tests, and electrophysiology. As a volume of more than 700 pages, this book is more extensive than an introduction but less extensive than a definitive reference. The major focus is on clinical differential diagnosis and management, with supplementary discussions of neuroanatomy, physiology, and ancillary studies used in neuro- ophthalmology. Contents: The book is divided into four main sections: history and examination, afferent disorders, efferent disorders, and headache. The afferent and efferent sections are subdivided neuroanatomically, and lead the reader from anterior visual pathways to higher cortical dysfunction. Each subsequent chapter provides an organized and thoughtful presentation of a topical disorder by covering pertinent review of the anatomy, then pathophysiology, clinical presentations, differential diagnosis, relevant diagnostic- imaging studies, discussion of specific disease entities, and management. There are also symptom- based discussions that emanate from the patient report precipitating the physician visit. Each subsection succinctly discusses the disease process and, where appropriate, includes fundus photos, neuroradiologic illustrations, and tables of distinguishing features. Important differential characteristics are emphasized, which clarify information for the reader. In addition, each subsection is followed by an up- to-date bibliography. The initial section of two chapters teaches the history and examination. The subsequent section deals with visual loss and dysfunction. Chapter 3 encompasses a topical overview of afferent disorders, visual pathways, visual field, and electrophysiologic diagnostic testing. Chapter 4 presents a useful discussion of retinal disorders that mimic optic neuropathies. Chapters 5 through 8 focus on topographic neuro- ophthalmology from nerve to cortex, and in particular update the prognosis and management of optic neuritis. The last four chapters elaborate on diseases of higher cortical function and the entities of transient visual loss, functional visual loss, and visual hallucinations and illusions. The third major section discusses efferent disorders including ocular motility- related cranial neuropathies and pupillary, eyelid and facial nerve, and movement abnormalities. The last chapter of this section is devoted to orbital disease. The final section focuses on headache, facial pain and disorders of facial sensation. Strengths: The text is particularly useful for the all-in- one systematic overview of the clinical field, from anatomy to management. The thoroughness of disease discussion ( by the use of key charts, tables, outlines, and clinically significant photos and neuroimaging scans) is commendable. The brief yet pertinent references direct readers to more detailed investigations and primary sources. The publisher's use of chapter numbers on each page allows one to efficiently scan for information. Deficiencies: The length of the book may overwhelm residents looking for one resource for their 3- month rotation. Although the book focuses on diagnosis and management, it may do so at the expense of neuroanatomy, visual field testing, neuroimaging, and electrophysiology. Recommended audience: Residents in ophthalmology and neurology and fellows in neuro- ophthalmology would benefit from this text. Critical appraisal: This text's readability, organization, clear outlines, and tables for differential diagnosis are extremely beneficial for those who treat neuro-ophthalmology patients. The thorough discussions and references relating to management will reassure practitioners that the diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities have been adequately considered as they look for help in the care of their patients. Ralph A. Sawyer, MD Washington, DC Atlas of Eyelid and Conjunctival Tumors Jerry A. Shields, MD, and Carol L. Shields, MD. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, PA, 1999. ISBN: 0781719151, Price: $ 150.00 Scope: This authoritative atlas presents histopathologic groups of tumors of the eyelid, conjunctiva, and caruncle. It is one of three volumes of an atlas of ocular tumors by a world- renowned husband and wife team with 25 years of experience in ophthalmic oncology at the Wills Eye Hospital. They have published their experience with common and rare lesions in a pictorial reference that provides a broad overview of neoplasia in the eyelid and conjunctiva, with special emphasis on the malignant tumors and their surgical management. Many of these lesions are common and benign, but others are malignant and locally invasive or metastatic and necessitate a thoughtful and rational management approach. The book is intended to aid the ophthalmologist or dermatologist in the diagnosis of these lesions so that appropriate therapy can be instituted. Contents: The book is divided into two parts: lesions of the eyelids and those of the conjunctiva. The atlas BOOK REVIEWS 317 chapters are divided into histopathologic types including nonmalignant and malignant epidermal lesions, sebaceous gland tumors, sweat gland tumors, hair follicle tumors, melanocytic tumors, neural tumors, vascular tumors, lymphoid tumors, cystic lesions, and inflammatory lesions of the eyelids. Fifteen of the twenty- five chapters in this text deal with lesions of the eyelids. The last 10 chapters cover benign and malignant tumors of the conjunctival epithelium, melanocytic tumors, vascular, fibrous, neural, lymphoid, and leukemic tumors, and tumors of the caruncle. Each lesion type is described in a concise manner with respect to origin, clinical and histologic appearance, differential diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis, and is followed by clinical, histopatho-logical, and surgical photographs. Strengths: A total of 1,056 clinical and histopatholog-ical color photographs clearly convey the characteristics of these lesions. The large number of images is necessary for identifying tumors of the ocular adnexa, where pattern recognition is an important diagnostic tool. Surgical perioperative photographs showing treatment techniques are adequately presented, and follow- up procedures in the management of recurrence are discussed. This is an informative atlas that presents both common and rare tumors. Deficiencies: The discussion of several less important lesions is thin. Recommended audience: General ophthalmologists, oculoplastic surgeons, and dermatologists will benefit from this text. Critical appraisal: This resource is a well- illustrated and portable atlas that is authoritative in its presentation. Although wide in its scope, the text is a pleasure to read and even flip through. It is a shame that a pocket edition is not available for all of our residents. Craig E. Geist, MD, MS Departments of Ophthalmology, Neurology, and Neurological Surgery George Washington University Washington, DC Atlas of Intraocular Tumors, Jerry A. Shields, MD, and Carol L. Shields, MD, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, PA, 1999. ISBN: 0721642683, Price: $ 239.00 Scope: This is a comprehensive picture atlas, part of a three- part series on ocular tumors by the authors. They are recognized as ultimate authorities on the subject of ocular tumors and this work is a collective presentation of their 25 years of experience in this field. The focus of the book is to be a ready reference for recognition of various intraocular tumors and related conditions. A slide collection of cases is used to achieve this goal. A concise description of both the rare and the common tumors with clinical presentation, clinical examination, histopa-thology, and references is given. The predominant emphasis is on the clinical presentation and pathology of pigmented tumors, which reflects the authors' deep interest in the subject. The design of the book allows the ophthalmologist to correctly diagnose the lesions so that appropriate therapy and management are instituted in a timely way. Contents: The book is organized into three parts. The first part covers tumors of the uveal tract; the second deals with tumors of the retina and optic disc; and the last part encompasses miscellaneous intraocular tumors. The first section is the largest part and contains 14 chapters describing congenital uveal lesions, iris nevi, iris cysts, and iris melanomas. Five chapters are devoted solely to posterior uveal melanomas and their clinical features, pathology, diagnosis, management, and those tumors simulating posterior uveal melanomas. In the second part, two chapters deal with retinoblastoma and simulating lesions. The other two chapters cover vascular lesions and glial tumors of the retina and optic disc. Finally, the last and shortest section of the atlas contains four chapters that describe congenital retinal pigment epithelium ( RPE) hypertrophy and hyperplasia, combined hamartomas of the retina and RPE, and adenoma and adenocarcinoma of the retina and RPE. Other chapters detail tumors of the nonpigmented ciliary epithelium, intraocular lymphoid tumors, and leukemia. Finally, a rather short chapter covers the surgical approaches to intraocular cases. Strengths: The atlas displays more than 1482 illustrations and photographs culled from the authors' experience in handling cases of neoplasia from around the globe. These clinical and histopathologic photographs are, with few exceptions, of excellent quality and leave the reader feeling comfortable with the characteristic appearance and presentation of these entities. Moreover, some lesions are supplemented with detailed pictures of the fundus, anterior segment, radiographic images, fundus illustrations, fluorescein angiograms, and external photographs. Deficiencies: The last chapter ( 22), describing the various surgical techniques used in the management of intraocular tumors, deals with the topic in a rather cursory manner. Some of the illustrated surgical approaches are deficient in scope. A broader review of surgical techniques and their references is recommended for the reader. Recommended audience: Ophthalmology residents, practicing ophthalmologists, and ocular oncologists. I have found it helpful in several difficult cases I recently managed. Critical appraisal: At your fingertips is a detailed compendium of the presenting features and appearance of intraocular tumors composed by authoritative sources. This belongs in the library of every ophthalmology training program. Craig E. Geist, MD, MS, FACS Departments of Ophthalmology, Neurology, and Neurological Surgery The George Washington University Medical Center Washington, DC J Neuro- Ophthalmol, Vol. 21, No. 4, 2001 318 BOOK REVIEWS Atlas of Intraocular Tumors, Jerry A. Shields, MD, and Carol L. Shields, MD, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, PA, 1999. ISBN: 0721642683, Price: $ 239.00 Scope: This is a comprehensive picture atlas, part of a three- part series on ocular tumors by the authors. They are recognized as ultimate authorities on the subject of ocular tumors and this work is a collective presentation of their 25 years of experience in this field. The focus of the book is to be a ready reference for recognition of various intraocular tumors and related conditions. A slide collection of cases is used to achieve this goal. A concise description of both the rare and the common tumors with clinical presentation, clinical examination, histopathol-ogy, and references is given. The predominant emphasis is on the clinical presentation and pathology of pigmented tumors, which reflects the authors' deep interest in the subject. The design of the book allows the ophthalmologist to correctly diagnose the lesions so that appropriate therapy and management are instituted in a timely way. Contents: The book is organized into three parts. The first part covers tumors of the uveal tract; the second section deals with tumors of the retina and optic disc; and the last part encompasses miscellaneous intraocular tumors. The first section is the largest part and contains 14 chapters describing congenital uveal lesions, iris nevi, iris cysts, and iris melanomas. Five chapters are devoted solely to posterior uveal melanomas and their clinical features, pathology, diagnosis, management, and those tumors simulating posterior uveal melanomas. In the second part, two chapters deal with retinoblastoma and simulating lesions. The other two chapters cover vascular lesions and glial tumors of the retina and optic disc. Finally, the last and shortest section of the atlas contains four chapters that describe congenital retinal pigment epithelium ( RPE) hypertrophy and hyperplasia, combined hamartomas of the retina and RPE, and adenoma and adenocarcinoma of the retina and RPE. Other chapters detail tumors of the nonpigmented ciliary epithelium, intraocular lymphoid tumors, and leukemia. Finally, a rather short chapter covers the surgical approaches to intraocular cases. Strengths: The atlas displays more than 1482 illustrations and photographs culled from the authors' experience in handling cases of neoplasia from around the globe. These clinical and histopathologic photographs are, with few exceptions, of excellent quality and leave the reader feeling comfortable with the characteristic appearance and presentation of these entities. Moreover, some lesions are supplemented with detailed pictures of the fundus, anterior segment, radiographic images, fundus illustrations, fluorescein angiograms, and external photographs. Deficiencies: The last chapter ( 22), describing the various surgical techniques used in the management of intraocular tumors, deals with the topic in a rather cursory manner. Some of the illustrated surgical approaches are deficient in scope. A broader review of surgical techniques and their references is recommended for the reader. Recommended audience: Ophthalmology residents, practicing ophthalmologists, and ocular oncologists. I have found it helpful in several difficult cases I recently managed. Critical appraisal: At your fingertips is a detailed compendium of the presenting features and appearance of intraocular tumors composed by authoritative sources. This belongs in the library of every ophthalmology training program. Craig E. Geist, MD, MS, FACS Departments of Ophthalmology, Neurology, and Neurological Surgery The George Washington University Medical Center Washington, DC Atlas of Orbital Tumors, Jerry A. Shields, MD, and Carol L. Shields, MD Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, PA, 1999. ISBN: 0781719178, Price: $ 150.00 Scope: This is the third of three volumes of a work entitled Atlas of Eyelid and Conjunctival Tumors, Atlas of Intraocular Tumors, and Atlas of Orbital Tumors. It is designed to aid the ophthalmologist and general physician with the recognition of orbital inflammatory and neoplastic conditions. It is a short but rather detailed picture atlas of both common and rare orbital lesions. Contents: This atlas is divided into types of orbital lesions based on their histopathology and anatomic location within the orbit. The book is made up of 16 chapters, of which cystic and vascular lesions constitute a large portion of the contents. A concise description of the clinical entities is given and clinical cases are presented with external photographs, orbital/ cranial radiographs, fundus photographs, and histopathology to illustrate the cases. Strengths: The atlas contains an excellent mix of clinical, radiographic, and histopathologic photographs. Rare and common tumors alike are presented with a broad overview. This work is designed to be a user friendly and readily accessible text that will make the ophthalmologist's job a little easier. References are readily provided for more detailed reading, but the most important information is within the atlas. Deficiencies: Intraoperative photographs and descriptions of surgical approaches are deficient. Illustrations of surgical approaches are treated in a cursory manner at the end of the book and would be better handled with clinical photographs of actual cases and a reference to an orbital surgical text. Recommended audience: Ophthalmologists and other physicians who deal with orbital diseases. Residents in training will find it invaluable for study and for use in the clinics. / Neuro- Ophthalmol, Vol. 21, No. 4, 2001 BOOK REVIEWS 319 Critical appraisal: This book will be especially welcome in handling those difficult cases with multiple symptoms, numerous orbital radiographs, and surgery or medical management. This atlas provides the clinical correlation and treatment pearls that are often lacking in an exhaustive text. Craig E. Geist, MD, MS, FACS Departments of Ophthalmology, Neurology, and Neurological Surgery The George Washington University Medical Center Washington, DC Atlas of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Surgery, Monte A. Del Monte, MD, Churchill Livingstone, New York. ISBN: 0443087083, Out of print Scope: This is an introductory book designed to be a comprehensive atlas of strabismus and pediatric ophthalmology surgery. The text discusses surgical and ocular anatomy, preoperative planning, and surgical techniques. It adequately covers nearly all clinical situations encountered in a pediatric ophthalmology practice and offers thoughtful discussion of appropriate preoperative preparation and surgical management. Contents: The book consists of 16 chapters. The early chapters describe surgical planning, surgical considerations, surgical anatomy, and conjunctival incisions in a generic fashion applicable to all types of strabismus procedures. Two chapters are devoted to rectus muscle weakening and strengthening procedures. Specific chapters on inferior oblique and superior oblique surgery follow, with ensuing titles that include adjustable suture techniques, transpositions, and applications of Botox injection. Specific attention is directed to complications of strabismus surgery and help with difficult but common problems. Additional chapters discuss childhood cataract surgery, pediatric glaucoma, and lacrimal procedures, although these are not particularly comprehensive. Strengths: This overview is a superb text for the beginning ophthalmology resident, the pediatric ophthalmology fellow, and the comprehensive ophthalmologist who is learning to perform strabismus surgery. It is helpful for the subspecialty pediatric ophthalmologist who wants to review less common strabismus surgeries. Discussions of indications for surgery and preoperative planning are extremely appropriate and will assist all surgeons. Deficiencies: The book is several years old ( and out of print). As a result, some newer procedures are not adequately described. For example, prism adaptation is not discussed in the management of partially accommodative esotropia or esotropia with high AC/ A ratio. In addition, the Foster modification of the Jensen procedure is not mentioned. Finally, the section on pediatric cataract surgery is outdated. Although the section on strabismus surgery planning is superb, the author tends to be dogmatic in areas that are controversial. For example, the author states that " patients with esotropia at near of up to 15 prism diopters more than at distance can have bilateral medial rectus recessions for the near deviation without running undue risk of overcorrection at distance." Many would disagree with this statement, believing that prism adaptation for the near deviation is a more accurate method of correction. Similarly, there is no consensus that bilateral lateral rectus muscle recessions are advisable for all patients with divergence excess exotropia, without respect to whether they have the pseudodiver-gence excess type, the true divergence excess type, or a high AC/ A. The common but older adjustable suture technique using a noose is described, but the simpler, more standard, widely accepted, bow- tie knot is not discussed. Finally, the author does not acknowledge the controversy over whether dissociated vertical deviation should be treated with bilateral hang- back superior rectus recession or unilateral hang- back recession in the preferred eye. Recommended audience: Comprehensive ophthalmologists and pediatric ophthalmology fellows. It should be a part of every ophthalmology training program's library. Critical appraisal: This work can be a stand- alone atlas for pediatric strabismus surgery. Chapters on pediatric cataract surgery and pediatric glaucoma surgery should be significantly expanded. Sean P. Donahue, MD, PhD Departments of Ophthalmology, Pediatrics, and Neurology Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Nashville, Tennessee Immuno- Ophthalmology, U. Pleyer, M. Zierhut, and W. Behrens- Baumann S. Karger AG, Basel, Switzerland, 1999. ISBN: 3805568630, Price: $ 215.00 Scope: This is a multiauthored, hardcover, 244- page text that is part of a series entitled Developments in Ophthalmology. It is designed to provide the reader with an understanding of the pathophysiology of common immune- mediated disorders of the eye. Contents: The text is divided into 15 chapters. The first chapter introduces general principles of immuno-ophthalmology. The following chapters cover the immunology of Graves' ophthalmopathy, the lacrimal gland and tear film, allergic conjunctivitis, oculomucocutane-ous disorders, scleritis, ocular hypertension and glaucoma associated with scleritis and uveitis, immunology of the cornea and corneal transplant and herpetic infection of the cornea, autoimmune diseases, uveoretinal inflammation, ocular diseases in the immunocompromised host, and immunotherapy of uveal melanoma. There is a closing chapter about perspectives in immunotherapy. Strengths: This text provides an up- to- date review of the pathogenesis of immune- mediated ophthalmic disorders. The authors are well- respected clinicians and J Neuro- Ophthalmol, Vol. 21, No. 4, 2001 320 BOOK REVIEWS scientists. The coverage of Graves' ophthalmopathy is especially valuable and well done. The text is well indexed and referenced. Deficiencies: Some neuro- ophthalmologic disorders ( optic neuritis, autoimmune optic neuropathy, and cancer associated retinopathy) are not addressed. Recommended audience: Primary care ophthalmologists, ophthalmologists in training, and basic scientists with an interest in immunology. Critical appraisal: This text is not a comprehensive review of the practical management of ophthalmic diseases nor is it intended to be. However, it is intended as a concise review of the immunologic mechanisms of common ophthalmic diseases, and it succeeds in this regard. There is much of interest here for the neuro-ophthalmologist. Michael S. Vaphiades, DO University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little Rock, Arkansas Mucosal Immunology and Ocular Disease Edited by M. Zierhut and J. V. Forrester. Aeolus Press, Lisse, the Netherlands, 2000, Distributed by Swets & Zietlinger orders@ swets. nl. ISBN: 9070430371, Price: $ 106.00 Scope: This multi- authored book covers the basic science and clinical applications of mucosal immunology, with several chapters specifically dealing with ocular immunology. Because it is a comprehensive overview of mucosal immunology, much of the book does not deal with ocular immunology specifically; therefore, the text will more likely appeal to the immunologist and basic scientist rather than to residents or clinicians. Furthermore, few practical clinical applications or methods of treating immunologic disease of the ocular surface are included. Contents: The text is divided into 18 chapters. The first three chapters deal with basic immunology of mucosal tissue in general, and are cogent reviews of the current state of knowledge of the mucosal and secretory immune system. Six chapters deal specifically with ocular immunity and review knowledge in this area comprehensively. It becomes apparent that much more is known about gastrointestinal immunity than about ocular immunity; hence, the authors include chapters on celiac disease, arthritis, and T- cell differentiation in the gastrointestinal tract. The number of references within each chapter is overwhelming, as evidenced by 395 references included in a 17- page chapter about the ocular secretory immune system. Strengths: This book provides outstanding compilations of the current state of the art of the mucosal immune system, with some focus on the ocular aspects of this system. Information concerning the induction of oral tolerance for the treatment of uveitis is up to date. Much of the information in the book is based on experimental animal data, especially the chapters regarding ocular immunology. This book is an excellent reference for anyone interested in developing clinical research protocols based on available experimental data. Weaknesses: The text is too technical and experimentally oriented to provide the clinician with information that will change the current treatment of patients. For example, the chapter about the effect of oral tolerance on corneal allograft survival focuses exclusively on murine corneal transplantation, with the last few paragraphs hinting toward potential clinical use. The reader is left with the impression that there is little known about the mucosal ocular immune system that can be applied clinically. Most chapters deal with nonocular information, and there is little attempt to make these chapters relevant to the ophthalmologist. No clinical chapter covers the current state of knowledge concerning allergic conjunctivitis, trachoma, viral conjunctivitis, or herpes simplex. Inclusion of information regarding these diseases, in which the mucosal immune system may play a strong role, would have made this book more useful for ophthalmologists and might have integrated the basic science chapters with relevant clinical issues. Recommended audience: Ophthalmologists interested in ocular surface disease, those interested in pursuing clinical trials based on experimental models, and researchers interested in this arena would benefit from this text. There is little in this book that is relevant to the neuro- ophthalmologist, except for the chapter regarding mechanisms of oral tolerance, which deals with the human and experimental data on multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalitis. Critical appraisal: This book fulfills its goal of summarizing the anatomy and immunology of the mucosal immune systems, with emphasis on the ocular mucosa. However, because it fails to include more clinical experience and information, it does not make this information relevant to the majority of ophthalmologists. Alan G. Palestine, MD Washington, DC The Autonomic Nervous System and Its Effectors, Alison Brading, MA, PhD, Blackwell Science Ltd, Oxford, UK, 1999. ISBN: 0632026243, Price: $ 135.00 Scope: This is a single- authored, hardcover book that serves as an introduction to the autonomic nervous system and its basic science. It reviews the anatomy, physiology, and chemistry of the autonomic nervous system from the perspective of a scientist, rather than that of a clinician. The author ends with focused reviews of the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and urogenital systems. Contents: The book is organized into 10 chapters. After a historical introduction, the second chapter reviews the anatomy of the autonomic nervous system. The electrical properties of neurons, and neuromuscular and synaptic transmission are covered in two chapters. The basic pharmacology and chemistry are covered in three / Neuro- Ophthalmol, Vol. 21, No. 4, 2001 BOOK REVIEWS 321 chapters. The final three chapters review the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, the gastrointestinal system, and the renal, urinary, and reproductive systems. Strengths: The writing is lucid, and the progression of chapters logical. The illustrations and reproductions are excellent. The tables complement the text nicely. In several chapters, the author uses boxes as expanded footnotes to review topics indirectly related to the chapter, such as a review of nerve fibers in the anatomy chapter, and a review of ionic distribution, action potentials, and voltage clamp technique in the electrical properties chapter. These boxes allow readers who are familiar with these topics or those less interested in them to omit them. Deficiencies: The discussion in some chapters is quite laborious. For instance, the chapters on electrical properties and neuromuscular and synaptic transmission are overly detailed. The book also emphasizes physiology at the expense of chemistry and pharmacology. The autonomic control of pupil and sweat glands are, disappointingly, not covered. Recommended audience: Graduate students, researchers, and clinicians beginning to think about the autonomic nervous system and its clinical import. Critical appraisal: This is a very fine text that will serve as a complement to others dealing with the autonomic nervous system. It is probably less useful to clinicians who wish to seek answers for their patients with autonomic disorders, and is of limited use to the neuro-ophthalmic community. Safwan Jaradeh, MD Professor, Department of Neurology Medical College of Wisconsin Madison, Wisconsin J Neuro- Ophthalmol, Vol. 21, No. 4, 2001 |