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Show 13 This,--.b._rem system tian until women ries-old system forces: (1) the was ordered the 1 ives of urban early twentieth century. med Ali the French which who became brought Egypt and viceroy of Egypt in 1805. out of a impact on tightening According the French to ·in the changes one was social attitude that of new persisted a It was these two forces position and of women. must society at the time there was eventually a have of measure values for fear that the for- destroy firmly established tradition. to combination of admiration and rebellion, toward society would rekindle two of Chris- scientist, lithe reaction of the Egyptians ambivalent, an and intrusion and mode of of traditional French way of life would However, this centu- long period of stagnation Egypt, although Egyp- ass the economic revolution of Muham- to another civilization Exposure backlash and (2) upper-cl early nineteenth century by occupation (1798-1801) led to the twentieth century left its in the challenged tian-European civilization, eign family.9 and therefore the honor of the males and of the women Western more of the nationalist movement and the than a influences."10 This spark century later with the rise Egyptian feminist movement. Despite Mohammed Ali's tyrannical rule and military emphasis, 9Margot Farranto Badran, "Huda Sha'rawi and the Liberation of II Egyptian Woman (Ph.D. dissertation, University of Oxford, 1977), For general references to the harem system and life read pp. 2-3. Badran's entire first chapter, "The Harem." Also see N. M. Penzer, The Harim (London: G. G. Harrap & Co. Ltd., 1936) and "Harim, Ency clopedia Isl am, vol. 2, p. 209. the II 10Laila Shukry el-Hamamsy, liThe Assertion of Egyptian Identity," in Transition, eds. Saad Ibrahim and Nicholas S. Society See also: Hopkins (Cairo: American University Press, 1977). p. 53. Lewis 'Awad, al-mu'athirat al-ajnabiyah fi al-adab al-arabi: Qadiyat al-mar'ah [The Foreign Effects on Modern Arabic Literature: The Cause of Women] (Cairo: Arab League Higher Institute of Arabic Studies, in Arab |
