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Show 144 APPENDIX. tion wi th th is, that on;ht to he avoided. Many persons preparmg to emi· te who ha'"e been unable to sd ltheir little property, have crowded all gsorar ts ' of trumpery i nto thei r wagons, to be h a ulf~Cl .to 0 regan. Th"1 s 1· s ge nerally thrown away when it has _been hauled SlX or se'fen hundred mil es and aft er it has bro\i;en down etther the wagon or the team-. Persons ~hou hl remember, that the distauce fror:: their starting point to that of th eir cl est ioat ion , i ~ from tw ~ nt y -fiv e hun(lred to three thom!and miles; which is rath er a long lancl ca rriage, especii:llly where tne articles taken ore of little value. Almost eYery article wh'kh is indi·spensable to persons" ishi ng, to engage in any ordinary occupation , may be h~:~d in Ore· go n, at a ,· ery reasonable rate; and in Culi:ornia, for far less than what it \V ill be worth to hu ul it three thousand n11lcE, across the Rod~y Moun· tni ns. Every fam ily shoul cl be provided with a commodiou's tent, t:nacle of some kind of st rong, cl ose, cotton cloth. lt will be fotmd to add much to the comfort of trave li ng, both as a protection against the sun ami rain·. A tent ab o afio rds a conve nient sl eeping place, and one in whieh families may eujoy the pri ,·i lege of being somewhat to themselves. Cooking utensils should be such as are in character w1th a camp; li.ght, sim plr, an(\ not liable to be brolten . Emigra'nts shouhl be provided with a good supp-ly of strong anrl dura· b1e clothin g· e.nouoh to last seven or eight months, or until they can ar· ~ · 0 rive at their dest ination, and have convenient time to procure others, 13u l th is is suffieien t; more is worse thun superi1uous, especially for those who in tend going to Oregon. In Oregon, articles of clothmg may be obt 3in ecl at about. as rea ~on a ble rates as they generally are in new coun· tries, and very anuch chea per than th ey can be carried in wagons, over lancl, from the United Stutes. It will be proper to take a few arti·cles sui table for I ndian t radr; such as colored shirts and blankets, butcher· knh·es, aw1 :'3, to bacco, b ec:~ d s , vermillion, &c.; for the I ndians often have thi ng~ , which the emigran t \-rould be glad to obtain. A very small sup· r 1y of such thi ngs will , ho w ~v er, be sufficient. lf a numbe; of persons ""auld join , or if a single individual wished· tO' be furni:lhcd with goods, tool s, implements of husbandry, or any tbing else, in Oregon . to a considera ble amount, they might be had there more certainly, and for a much l ess price, by purchasing them, or having them JllHcha sed, in some of the Eastern Cities, and hav ing them· shipped around the Horn. E\·ery male person who is of suffident age to bear arms, should be pro~ ,-itlecl with a gun, and a goou supply of ammunition. The kind of guns " ·h ich are preferable for such a trip, are large and sUong rifles: their ~ balls should not be lesi than one fif tieth of a pound, and they would be better if they were larger. The stock, which is very liab'le to be broken, should be made uncommon} v strono at the brtich and ull parts of the • 0 ' piece which are li• ble to wear or break, should be effectua•Hy tried befor~ A PI' EX D'Lt. leaving the sc~ticm e nts. Tl1is is also a matt er \vh ich shoulll · not be clis-re. g a rde. c•l . It 1s necessar)' . to lw. IJroper.l y armed • to I·r l s.u ,.. e f h ~a ety; t ose \\-ho ate not, ha ve no buslll ess 111 au Jrdiu n cou 11 tr" F . . 1 • . • ' .r • n e po u rH ~ of powder will be ctrl ubundant.supp ly for those who intend to !Junta nreat deal; for those who clo not 1uteml to hunt muc!1 }1·111· th"' t q t't b •• . ~ • , , • , c u ll il ll l )' \V 1 11 p10bably.bc sufficwn t. 1he amount of lead, It will br, rertll:mbercd should be four tnnes that of the power Emiurant.::: cre 11e1·ally stl 1 tl '. 1 . • o .., b ·pp y 1em:sc \'C:l· over-a bundan tly wtth th ese art icles. It will be i myo s~ ib1. e for great numbers to traYel t0gether iu the same compan.Y. It 1 ~ n e ce~sary tha t the compani es should be as s1na ll as will be cons tstant With their safetv in ord er tha t they r"'av not b J • l j' ) ' ·I l ;> · '"; LSOmUC 1 te-ayec .10 tr~ v e 1ng, anct t lla~ the ani ma ls of the· sev e r~ I companies muy be suppl1erl_vnth grass. It wt!l not be cli Hicult for any one to imarr inc i10w delays will oc c u~·· w he re ~ great m1mbrr of wagons arc t rav e l i ll~ tfw eth er. An.cl grass 1s tou nrl m ma ny pluces, in quan ti ti es sulfi.ciez\t 1·or ~mu ll compan te-,, but not for large ones. One hundred men· wel l armed, may travel in safetv, br co nd uctinu: them:sel ves properly, th:ough the rnos~ dangc ro11s pa t:t o( the cou ntry8 that I S, the coull}ry lay1ng betw een B tg, Blue Riv er, one of the mui 1{ b:uuche:s of_ the h.a n za ~ River, ancl Greeu Ri\' er, of the Gul f of Culifcu rma, wl11ch Is t? be crossc·d, a few c.1uy·s tra,·el beyond the summ it uf the Rocl{y ~oun tams. From Green Rt ver to the se ttl emeu ts in Orccron, fi ft v me~1 wJll make a company S~lfficie~tly s trou g, to avoid or repel all dangc;, 1he character of t~1e lnc~1ans \nll be leurued from our precechng re marks .. !he manner 111 ·wh1ch th ey are treated, will, or comse .. mali t. a gr~at dlf1erence iu their disposition towards those who chance to meet · With them. They should never be trusted, nor should th ev if it can be· avoided*_ be allowed to have the advantage in any partituia'/ And while e\·ery thtng that would be clllculated to give them offenc r., should be caref~ llly avoided by those wbo \vi sh to go in peace, th ey shou lcl at the same tune, be constantly held at a distance. The emigrant :should refrain from all familiarity himself, rJnd discourage it in th em. In t rad ing with th em he should make use of few words; ne\·er attempt to deceite, and be P!cmpt to the letter, in flrlfllling every promise. Few presents should be g1ven them, ancl those few sho.ulcl appear to be given, rath er as an expression of fri endship, than to concilit~t e th eir fa,·or. Uuder all circumstanc e s~ the lr.ast ex pres. ion of fear should be sternly avoid ed. F rom the late difficulties with the Shoshon ee Digge rs, and with the \Vala wa lets -to whir.h we ha"·e referred- these tribes ·will uot likely be well di sposed towarrls emigran ts. Prev iously, those who ha ve gone in to Oretron, have become, after traveling thlls far, irnput icnt ancl careless; have ~~pa ra ted into Yery small companies, and poorly armed, have has tened on , re ~ garding nothing but the termination of the journey. VVhat th ese havo been compelled to su bmit to and eutlure, should be a ·warning to othPrs. C~mpanies passing through these tribes should con!:list of not less than thntv, well armed men. The time of leavi ng the United States, ·will vary with the season .. Co:npanies should start nS soon as the gru~s will aclrnit, which will vary from the latter part of April , through the month of May. Tile road is so· weB mark ed that th ere wi.ll be no difficulty in finding it, and a pilot would oa ly be use ful. to direct the m-anner of trav eling, &c., and to point out the best ph-tees for encampment. For the benefit of thofe who wish to emigrate to Oregon, we subjoin a bill of the route. 19 |