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Show 222 INSTINCT. Crr.AP. VII. At the same time I laid on the same place a small parcel of the pupre of another ~peci~s, !· flava, with a few of these little yellow ants still clinging to the frag~ ments of the nest. This species is sometimes, though rarely, made into slaves, as has been described by Mr ~ Sn1ith. Although so small a species, it is very cour~ ageous, and I have seen it ferociously attack other ants. In one instance I found to my surprise an independent community of F. flava under a stone beneath a nest of the slave-making F. sanguinea; and when I had accidentally disturbed both nests, the little ants attacked their big neighbours with surprising courage. Now I was curious to ascertain whether F. sanguinea could distinguish the pupre of F. fusca, which they habitually make into slaves, from those of the little and furious F. flava, which they rarely capture, and it was evident that they did at once distinguish them : for we have seen that they eagerly and instantly seized the pupre of F. fusca, whereas they were much terrified when they came across the pupre, or even the earth from the nest of F. flava, and quickly ran away; but in about a quarter of an hour, shortly after all the little yellow ants had crawled away, they took heart and car-ried off the pupre. One evening I visited another community of F. san-guinea, and found a number of these ants entering their nest, carrying the dead bodies of F. fusca (showing that it was not a migration) and numerous pupre. I traced the returning file burthened ·with booty, for about forty yards, to a very thick clump of heath, whence I saw the last individual of F. sanguinea emerge, carrying a pupa; but I was not able to find the desolated nest in the thick heath. The nest, however, must have been close at hand, for two or three individuals of F. fusca were rushing about in the greatest agitation, and one was CHAP. VII. SLAVE-MAKING INSTINCT. 223 perched motionless wi'th I'ts own pupa · •t the top of a spray of he th . In I s mouth on S h a over Its ravaged h uc are the facts though th did orne. tion by me, in re~ard to the: w not nee~ co~£rmamaking slaves. Let it b b d onderful Instinct of instinctive habits of F s e 0 ~erve what a contrast the the F. rufescens. The ·la~~~~~:: pre~e~t "_'ith those of does not determine its own mi n?t uild Its own nest, food for itself or its grations, does not collect itself: it is absolutely deypoetnlndg, tand. cannot even feed F · . en on Its numer 1 orrnwa sanguinea, on the other h ous s aves. fewer slaves and in the 1 and, possesses much tremely few' The t eardy part of the summer ex- . mas ers eterm · h a new nest shall be formed d h Ine w en and where masters carry the slaves.' a;o; e? t~e~ migrate, the England the slaves seem to ha m witz~rland and the larvoo, and the maste 1 ve the exclusive care of . . rs a one go 0 1 k. expeditwns. In Swit 1 d h n save-rna ~lng k zer an t e slaves and wor together, makin and br. o-. • masters nest: both, but chiefl g the sla :nomg matenals. for the may be called thei y . "' es, tend, and milk as it for the com~unit~ ap~de~ a~d thus both collect food usually leave the ne~t to ~oll~~t a~~il1: master~ alone food for themselves th . 1 g matenals and masters in th' ' eir s a~es and larvre. So that the Is country receive h 1 . their slaves than th d . S . roue ess service from B eY. 0 In Witzerland. y what steps the Instinct f F . I will not pretend to . t o . sanguinea originated conJec ure But t . not slave-makers will I h . as an s, which are other species if ~catt ' ads ave s~en, carry off pupoo of th ' ere near their t ·t · at pupre originall stor d ne~ s, I Is possible veloped ; and the anrs e a.s foo~ might become dethen follow their ro thus. un~ntentionally reared would they could. If thei;er Instincts, and do what work species which h d . presence proved useful to the a Seized them-if it were more advan- |