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Show HINTS AND EXPLANATIONS, 23 § 5.- IMPLEMENTS AND UTENSILS. All of our Indian tribes had developed rude arts before the advent of the white man, and manufactured various implements and utensils. For war they had bows, arrows, spears, clubs, and slings. Their bows were usually made of wood: the back of the bow being sometimes covered with sinew fastened on with glue; some few tribes, however, made them of the horns of the mountain sheep. For this purpose the horns were soaked in water and split into shavings, and the shavings glued together to form the bow. Their bow- strings were made of sinew or twisted vegetable fibers. To prevent the wrist from being cut by the bow- string, they used a wrist-guard made of a piece of untanned skin of some animal, hardened by drying. In the arrow three elements are recognized- the arrow- head, shaft, and shaft feathers. Arrow- heads were made of stone, bone, horn, or very hard wood. Their shafts were made of wood or reeds, and were often feathered. The arrow- head was fastened to the shaft sometimes with vegetable or mineral resins, sometimes by tying with sinew; or both methods were used. The shreds of feather were attached to the shaft with sinew. The implements used in making their arrows were as follows: For rudely breaking up the flint or other stone material necessary for their arrow- heads stone hammers were used. For finally fashioning the heads . little rod- like instruments of bone or horn were used, and the chipping was done by sudden pressure. Stone and copper knives were used in fashioning the shafts, and a piece of perforated horn or bone was used as a shaft straightener. The shafts were polished with a grooved stone. The arrows were carried in a quiver slung on the back and open at the shoulder. Their clubs were variously carved and ornamented; sometimes they were weighted at the end farthest from the hand by a knot Sometimes a larger stick was used, and the handle cut down so that the extreme end was reinforced. Sometimes the war- clnb was composed of a handle fast- |