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Show 54 'This is not the only human difference between the North and the South. vVhile the Saxons, who odginally came to the North, and have siuce controlled its institutions and ideas, were mainly Pilgrims, who, driven by persecution, Heel hither for the sake of establishing Democracy and Christianity,- the foremost people in an age of movement, when revolution shook the whole Teutonic world, bringing the most Christian and democratic Institutions and Ideas of their age, and developing them to forms still more human and progressive,- the settlers of the South were Adventurers, who came to America to mend their fortunes, for the sake of money, ease, honor, love of change. Whilst subsequently emigrants carne from Europe to the North of their own accord, shared the Northern labor and Government, partook of its Christianity and Democracy, partook of its best influences, and soon mingled their blood in the great stream of Northern population ; many persons from Africa were forced to immigrate to the South, and, by legal violence, compelled to more than their share of labor, driven from all share in the government, branded as inferior, and mingled with the Caucasian population only in illicit lust,- which bastardized its own sons and daughters,and were made subordinate to the owners' lash. While the North, from 1620 to 1856, has aimed to spread Education over all the land, and facilitate the acquisition of Property by the individual, and prevent its entailment in families, or its excessive accumulation by transient corporations, the South has always endeavored to limit education, making it the exclusive monopoly of the few,- who yet learned not much,- and now makes it a State-prison offence to teach the laboring class to read and write : it ~ims t~ cond~r~se money into large sums, permanently held, If not m families, at least in a class. Thus, at one extreme, the South had formed a permanently idle and lordly class, who shun labor, and monopolize government. 55 The South culminates in Vhginia and South Carolina, which bear the ~arne relation to the Slave States that New England does to the Free States ; that is, they are the mother-city of population, ideas, institutions, and character. As I just saiJ, Christendom cannot boast a population in any other country where there are fifteen millions of men so nobly developed as the fifteen millions of the North; so far advanced in Christianity and Democracy; with so much material comfort, enjoyment of natural rights, and development of natural powers. Compare New England with Old England, Scotland, France, Saxony, Belgium, Prussia, any of the foremost nations of Europe, and you see that it is so. But take the ten millions of the South, and see what they are : nowhere in Europe, north of Turkey and west of Russia, can you find ten millions of contiguous men who have so low a development, intellectual, moral, affectional, and religious, as the ten millions of the Slave States; nowhere can you find Caucasians or any other people in Western Europe so sHghtly advanced above the savage. Three and a quarter millions are actual slaves. Take the States of Virginia and South Carolina, in which the South comes to its flower: there are one million one hundred and seventy thousand whites, nine hundred and twenty thousand colored, whereof eight hundred and sixty thousand are slaves; that is to say, out of two millions, more than one-third are only human Property, not counted as human Persons. In South Carolina, out of a hundred native whites over twenty years of age, there are seven who cannot read the name PIERcE, the political lord they worship; in Virginia, out of a hundred native whites over twenty years, there are nine who cannot write the word SLAvE, nor spell it after it is written all over their State ; whereas, in Massachusetts, out of four hundred persons over twenty, there is only one man who cannot write, with his OWn hand, LIBERTY FOR ALL MEN, NOW AND FOR EVER! , |