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Show • 66 cent to the part of Virginia above spoken of, contain 297,005 acres of improved land, valued at $49 an acre, or $7,618,919; 61,248 persons, all free; and 12,998 ·pupils at the common schools. The South has numerous natural advantages over the North,- a better soil, a more genial climate, the privilege of producing those tropical plants now deemed indispensable to civilization. Of $193,000,000 of exports last year, $93,000,000 were of Southern cotton and tobacco. Yet such is her foolish and wicked system, that, while the North continually increases in riches, the South becomes continually poorer and poorer in comparison. Boston alone could buy up two States like South Carolina, and still have thirteen millions of dollars to spare. Three hundred years ago, Spain monopolized this continent; she exploitered :Mexico, Peru, the islands of the Gulf; all the gold of the New World came to her hand. Where is it now? Spain is poorer than Italy. Is here no lesson for South Carolina and Virginia? In civilized society, there must be an Organization of Things and of Persons, of Labor and of Government; and 80 slavery is to be looked at, not only in its economical relations, as affecting Labor and Wealth, power over matter, but also in its Political Relations, as affecting Government, which is power over men. 'rhere are 350,000 slaveholders in the United States, with their families, making a population of 1,750,000 persons. Now, slavery is a political institution which puts the government of all the people of the Slave States into the hands of those few men: the majority are the servants of this minority. 1. The 350,000 slaveholders control the 3,250,000 Slaves; 67 owning their bodies, and, by direct legislation, purposely preventing their development. 2. They control the 4,750,000 Non-slaveholders, cutting them off from their share of government, and hindering them alike in their labor and their education, and purposely preventing their development. 3. They control the Federal Politics, and thereby affect the organization of things and persons, of labor and government, throughout the whole nation, and purposely prevent the development of the whole people. In all these three forms of political action, they have selfishly sought their own immediate interest, and wrought to the lasting damage of the slaves, the non-slaveholders, and the whole people. But neither the slaves nor the nonslaveholders have made any powerful opposition to this injury: the chief hostility has been shown by the North, or rather by the few persons therein who either had mind enough to see this manifold mischief clearly, or else such moral and religious instinct as made them at once revolt from this wickedness. But, ever since the Declaration of Independence, there has been a strife, open or hidden, between the South and this portion of the Northern people; and though the battle has been often joined, yet, since 1788, the North has been beaten in every conflict, pitched battle or skirmish, until last January; then, after much fighting, the House of Representatives chose for Speaker a man hostile to slavery. Always before, the South conquered the North ; that is, the minority conquered the majority. The party with the smallest numbers, the least money, the meanest intelligence, the wickedest cause, yet beat the larger, richer, more intelligent party, which had also justice on its side. There is now no time to explain this political paradox. Between 1787 and 1851, the Regressive Power, slavery, |