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Show 12 COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS. Not only have Indian schools been made to reach more effectively the Indian children who stand in. mmt need of them, hut during this 10-year period there have been incessant efforts to make more effective the training given each Indian child to the end that in the most direct way Indian schools may coordinate with the vital policy of making Indians normal members in the citizenship of their com-munities. All possible insistence has been put upon industrial train-ing; in academic subjects Indian schools have adopted the courses of study of their States that they may correlate with local public schools; to the same end emphasis has been placed upon the develop-ment of local day and boarding schools rather than upon distant nonreservation schools; and in 1910 the Indian schools were grouped into six districts, each under a supervisor, who has the duty of visiting and keeping in constant touch with the schools in his juris-diction, that each school may be kept at its highest efficiency and its greatest usefulness to the Indians it is meant to serve. The process of eliminating Indian schools in localities where they are no longer needed for their peculiar purposes appears in acts of Congress under which, in 1911, the governor of Utah accepted for his State the grant of the Ouray School, and the governor of Colo-rado for his State accepted grants of the Fort Lewis and Grand Junction Schools. Earnest efforts have been made, too, in industrial education of adult Indians. In cooperation with the Department of Agriculture an important farm for the development of new crops for the South-west has been maintained at Sacaton, Ariz., since 1908, and successful cooperative experiments have been tried elsewhere. Furthermore, several demonstration farms have been maintained by employeesin the Indian Service as examples for neighboring Indians. In 1910 examinations were held by the Civil Service Commission for expert farmers, men qualiied both in modern technical training nnd in practical experience. At the end of 1911 48 such men had beer1 added to the service and were at work among Indian farmers. At the end of 1911 superintendents in charge of reservations reported that out of a group of 28,544 able-bodied male adult Indians, 24,489 were farming fcr themselves, and out of a group of 65,636 able-bodied adults, 20,178 were engaged in stock raising as their principal means of support. In 1907, however, it was realized that education and industrial incentive did not affect the modes of life of the more backward In-dians with sufficient rapidily to protect them from diseases which arise from insanitary surroundings. For years physicians had been employed, drugs furnished, and some local hospitals maintained, but there was a laclr of appreciation of the great need of preventive medical measures directed by experts. After an investigation, which |