The Southern Utes A Tribal History

Chronology of Ute History

r A Chronology of Ute History 1 a.d. Shoshonean speaking peoples separate from other Uto-Aztecan groups about the beginning of the Christian era. 1000 a.d. Great migration of Indians into the present-day United States. 1150 c. Southern Paiutes move into southern Nevada, southwestern Utah, and northern Arizona. 1150 During the 12th century,, Yuman and Pueblo type cultures began to be replaced by a Shoshonean pattern. 1200 Anasazis began movement into sandstone caves possibly for defense against ancestors of the Utes, Navajos, and Apaches. 1276 Anasazis began movement out of Mesa Verde and other elaborate habi- tations possibly because of pressure from ancestors of the Utes. 1492 Europeans start maintenance of continuous contact with the Americas. 1536-40 Gabeza de Vaca, Esteban, Marcos de Niza enter the Southwest and lead to the military expedition of Coronado in 1540. Although these did not touch Ute lands, undoubtedly the Utes learned of the penetration of these Europeans from their neighbors to the south. 1598 New Mexico is settled by the Spanish. Pueblo groups are christianized. Spanish products begin to be traded to the Utes. 1605 Earliest historical reference to the Paiutes, from an exploratory expedi- tion under Juan de Ohate. 1626 c. Traditional Ute-Hopi conflicts began about this time and reached their high point about the time of the Pueblo Revolt of 1680. 1626 Earliest reference to the Utes by the Spanish. 1637 First known conflict between Spanish and Utes. Spaniards under Luis de Rosas, Governor of New Mexico 1637â€"41^ captured about 80 Utacas and forced them into labor work-shops in Santa Fe. 1670 First treaty between Utes and Spaniards. 1680 Pueblo Revolt and Spanish forced to move out of New Mexico for 12 years. 1692 Alliance between Paiutes, Apaches, and Hopis^ to counter Spanish aggression and expansion. 1700 c. Beginnings of raids upon Pueblos and Spanish in New Mexico by Utes, Apaches, and Comanches often working in concert. 1706 Expedition of Juan de Ulibarri through southeastern Colorado. 1716 Spanish campaign against Utes and Comanches not successful in pre- venting raids. 1720 Expedition of Pedro de Villasur. 1724 Expedition of Bourgmont. 1730-50 Utes continue raids upon settlements in New Mexico. In 1747, Ute forays caused the abandonment of the frontier town of Abiquiu. It was reoccupied in 1748 by the Spaniards. 1746 Spanish defeat a combination of Utes and Comanches above Abiquiu.