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Show 230 EXPLORATION OF THE OARONS OF THE COLORADO. of the word "salamander'' is not so obvious. The German equivalent of ''pouched rat" is Taschenmaus. Measurements. ,.: From tip of nose to- r!. Length of- ~ Q) .8 ..>.. Q~ El - 0 e f 1::3 "Cl .i cE Nature of ~ Locality. Sex. ::l ... .,:1 .. .,:1 Q).o 0 ~ ~ specimen. al = s .s <E «l ~ Q) 1::: ri; s.: '8 - :;::l Q) 'd eo c 1>. d! ·; ... c = Q ~ 0 :3 ~ ~ 0 E-t E-t ~ ~ -------- --- ---- ---.. ... Niobrara River . ... ... .. t 0.85 1. 40 1. 90 6. 75 2.50 1. 50 1. 2G 0.70 Alcoholic. 73Z7 Kansas . ................ t 0.95 1. 65 2.00 6. 50 3.00 1. 50 1. 3G 0.70 Alcoholic. 1384 Iowo. ....... ... ... ...... t 1.12 1. 70 . ..... .. . ... . -.. . 2.15 1. 55 1.:!0 0.68 Alcoholic. 357 Saint Louis,Mo. ··-.· .... t .. ...... . .... ........ . .. ... ..... .. ~.00 3.00 1. 60 1. 3!i 0.55 l"•·csh. 2635 Saint Louis, Mo . .. .. .... ...... ...... 1. 05 1. 75 2.20 7.00 2.7fi 1.50 1. 35 0. 65 Alcoholic . 2636 Saint Louis, Mo ..... .... . ............. 1. 20 1. 85 2.no 7.oo 3.3() 1. ()5 1.:!5 0.70 Alcoholic. 2633 nlinois ............. .... . ...... ... .... 1. 00 1.45 1. 90 5.75 2:65 1. 50 1.1G 0.65 Alcoholic . 2539 Iowa. .... .... ..... .. .. .. . ... ... ... ... ... 1.25 2. 10 2.33 A. 90 3.30 . ..... ....... 1. 45 O. AO ~·rosh . 1775 Vermilion River .... .... .. .. .. -.... 0.75 1. 7fl 2.25 8. 00 . ..... -... 1. 75 1. 25 0. 75 Fresh. 26'30" Louisiana .. ............ . ... -...... 0.90 1. 45 . ... ....... . ..... .... . 1. 75 I. 20 1. Ofi 0. &5 I Alcoholic . "A type of b1·eviceps. GEOMYS TUZA, (Ord.) Coues. llam~ter of Georgia, MITCHJLI,, N. Y. Med. Repos. v, 1802, 89; Bewick's Quad. 1st Am. ed. 1804, 525 (mentioned n.lso by Anderf!on, Mearo, Say, Bn.rton, &c.) MtUJ tuza,,. O~n, Guthrie's Geog. 2d Am. eel. ii, 1815, 292. (Dasod on Mitch i ll'~:~ animal.) Geomy~ pmetw!.RAF., Am. Month. Mag. ii, 1817,45 (Goorgia).- BRANTS, Mnizen, 1827, 173.-DKSM., ManHn. 11, 1822, 314 (noto).-LEss., Man. 1827, 260.-BAIRD, M. N. A. 1857, 380, pl. 22, J1g. 3 a-c.GESNER, Ann. Rep. Smiths. Inst. for 1860, 1861, 4:n (habits). Saccoph.ort,B! pineti, FISCHER, Syu. 1829, 305. Geomys pineti, L~c., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Pbila.. vi, 1852, 159.-AI.LKN, Bull. Mus. Comp. zool. ii, 1871, 178. Pseudostomajloridana, Aun. & BACH., Q. N. A. iii, 1853, 242, pl. 100, f. 1. Southern Pouched Rat, Aun. & BACH. Geomys des pins, DESM., LEss., ll. cc. Gopher; Salamander, V uLG. DIAGNOSIS.-Superior incisors with a main groove dividing the tooth into tw~ unequal portions; the outer obviously the smaller; the inner, larger mmety !fiar~{ed by an extremely fine marginal groove, faint, obscure, or perhaps somet1~es . obsolete. 'fail and hind feet in adult life naked, or nearly so. Otherwise hke G. bursarius. HABITAT.-Georgia, Florida, and Alabama. Description (numerous specimens from the above some mentioned by Audubon , those describP,. d by B a1· r d , localities, including and various others, COUES ON GEOMYS AND THOMOMVR-G. TUZA. 231 dry and alcoholic ).- This species, apparently distinct, nevertheless resembles G. bursarius so closely, that no general points of difference in size, shape, or color can be adduced for t heir separation. There are, however, certain tangible characters, not necessarily the same as those given by authors. For' instance, Audubon and Bachman dwell upon certain supposed differences in the structure of the pouch ; but their observations rest upon bad taxidermy, and have no foundation in natu re, the pouches in the two species being identical. T hese authors and. some others speak of the upper incisors as singlegrooved. This, if so, would be a strong feature : but it, unfortunately, is not t he case; for, in all t he numerous specimens I have examined, the upper incisors are double-grooved, as in G. bursaTius, the fine second groove being perceptible as a delicate line of impression running along the inner margin of t he toot h. It is perfectly distint, as a rule; and in no case have I failed to recognize clearly at least a t race of it, though in .some instances it is faint, and liable to be overlooked if not closely examined. Baird says that this groove is obsolete in old age, implying that such is the rule : but, while not doubting that such may occur, I must consider it as the exception; for, as just said, I have never yet failed to recognize at least a trace of it. G. tuza, therefore, has double-grooved incisors, like G. bursarius; the point of dental discrepancy lies elsewhere. In bursarius, the main groove bisects what is left of the face of the tooth, after subtracting the portion cut off by the inner groove; and t his latter is always distinct. In G. tuza, the main groove divides what is left of the face of the tooth, after subtracting the portion cut off by the inner groove, into two unequal portions, whereof the exterior is the smaller; and the inner groove, always slight, may be faiut, obscure, or perhaps sometimes obsolete. This is the whole ca e, as far as the incisors are concerned. The only other character of G. tuza I can appreciate is the nakedness of the tail and feet- especially the former. It is true that in G. burs1l'rius t he nakedness of these parts is sometimes noticeable; but it seems to be not carried, except perhaps in extreme cases, to the extent witnessed, as a rule, in G. tuza. The latter thus corresponds with G. hispidus in this respect, though very different in other features. In the best-marked cases, the tail is perfectly naked beyond t he enlarged hairy base; the skin may be stnifed out to t he caliber of a stout goose-q·uill, and has then a peculiar bladdery appear- |