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Show 470 article, published by Atlantic in January of 1898, he finally realized that an appeal for tourism was the only strategy left. Muir's steady shift away from the content of the Commission's report or government action, and toward tourism, indicated his growing disaffection with the political machinations surrounding the Reserves. Terminology is a problem. Muir has normally been called a preservationist, as opposed to a conservationist; he has also been called an aesthetic, or scenic conservationist; and his enemies called him a "misinformed nature lover," or "scenic friend." But he shared these names with allies who were often very differently oriented from himself. His actual position was significantly different from that of a Sargent, who was interested in trees but had little concern for the ecology of forests, and Muir was also significantly different from men like Johnson or McFarland of the American Civic Association, who took a humanistic view of forest preservation and saw forests as a "scenic" or "recreational resource." Perhaps he was closest to C. Hart Merriam, who was of all the Commissioners most knowledgeable about ecology. He is generally given credit for introducing the theory of "life zones" and later, when he came to direct the Biological Survey, his appointment served as evidence that Roosevelt gave aid to preservationists. Nevertheless, Muir, Sargent, Merriam, McFarland, and Johnson all wanted to see wild forests preserved, and so it is appropriate to group them together. AH we mean when we speak of preservationists, then, is a |