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Show C 8 l . I hnve obfifrvetl, that tho', in a great flute, all the indlvim duals that eompole it cannot be admitted to an immediate. particrpation in the powers or legillatiun and government, yet they may participate in theie powers by a delegation of" them to a body of reprei‘eutntives. in this cafe it is evident that the hate will be llill fax: or ji-[f-gowf‘ncd; and that it will be more or leis iii in proportion as it is more or leis fairly and adequately reprel‘ented. it the perlons to whom the trult or government is committed hold their places for ihort terms; it they are cholen by the unbiallbd voices ofa majority of the flute, and liubjeet to their inilruélions; Liberty. wili be en- joyed in its highell degree. But it~ they are choiren for ion;r terms by a part only of the llate; and if during that tcriit they are fubjeét to no controul from their conitituents; the very idea of Liberty will be loft, and the potver of chuling conllituents becomes nothing; but a poWer, lodged in a frw, to chute at certain periods, a holy of Mtg/iris for tiienilelves and for the tell of the Community. And if a {late is to funk that the bodypt~ its reprefentatives are el:,.i':ted bv a handful of the meanelt 9" perform in it, whole votes are always paid for; and if alto, there is a higher will on which even thele mock repreientatives t,l1enile1ves depend, and that direéls their voices: In lhele circumllances, it will be an abide of language to lay that the {late puliicll‘es Liberty. Private men, indeed, miuht be allowed the exercile of. Liberty; as they might illiO uniler the mot": delpotic government; but it would he an im'ulnmm or (mum/mm? derived from the lpirit of the timrs, or from an accidental mildneis in the adminrllration. And, rather than be governed in inch a manner, it would perhaps be better to be governed by the will of one man without any reprefentstion : for a reprelentation lo degenerated could aniwer no other end than to miiiead and deceive, by difguiling flaver‘y, and keeping-up affirm of Liberty when the rm/rfy was loft. . Within the limits now mentioned, Liberty may be enjoyed in every poiTible degree; from that which is cbmplete and perl'eél, to that which is merely nominal; according as the people have more or leis of a than: in government, iind oia controuling power over the perfons by whom it is adnrinillered. In ' In Crrwf-Rri/r 5,1, conlillini! of near fix midi-Cir; of inliabirunts, .5 13 perfons, moi. :it turn) tne lowell ot the per pic, clttt one halt oi the Ilsa" "f (7411!» ‘mcirlt ; _1Ul'\l"$"i>"f‘fVSVlWi-C :1 ninth prirt. This may lie lien dillinrfliy murle out. "l3": '1'" ""1. "1/! »,Wi'//~‘) VOL L 500R 2.. L2. 4. 4230271; full of important and eleru :inirtiuizon. J. In general, to bis/re: is to be guided by one's own will: and to be guided by the will of another is the charaé‘terillir: of Servitua'e. This is particularly applicable to Political Liberty. That flare, I have obierved, is free, which is guidsd by its own will; or, (which comes to the lame) by the will of an alTembly of reprefentatives appointed by itlell‘ and ac- countable to itlelf. And every flute that is not {1, governed; or in which a body of. men reprelenting the people rrirke not an eflbntial part of the Legiilature, is in flown-y. -lri order to form the moit perfect conllitution of government, th may be the bell reafons forjoining to inch 3 l‘mtly of repreltn- tatives, an Heredilai'y Council. corililting or men of the lirlt rank in the ltate, with a Supreme rxerzztz'tie fl/Jngi/imta at me head of all. This will form ulel'ul checks in a lczgiileture; and contribute to give it vigour, union, and (lili):‘.l(‘il, with- out infringing liberty: For, as long as that part at a govern-ment which reprefents the people is a fix!" i‘tpi‘:y}2zraztiaiz; and alto has a negative on all public niealures, togeth' r wi'h the {ole power of impoling taxes and originating l'upplies, the elientials of liberty will be prelervcdn ~ Tfife make it our bowl in this country, that this is our own eonilitution. i will not fay with how much rertfon. Oi l‘uch Liberty as I have now tleferibed, it is impoi'hblc that there [hould be an excels. Govu‘nment is an inllitution for the benefit of the people governed, which they ltnvc power to model as they plate; and to lay, that they can have too much of this power is to in, that there ought to be '4 power in the ftate lirperior to that which gives it being, and from which all juriidielion in it is tltrrived. ----- lfiCBllllbLiliiit'is, which has been commonly mentioned, as an extreme of liberty, is indeed its oppolite. it is government by the will of rapacious individuals, in opptihtion to the will of the coinmunity, made known and declared in the mac. A liee (late, at the fame time that it is; time itlelt, makes all it; meanbers free by excluding liceitioul‘nel's. and orirrding their erlons and prOperty and good name agrinll IlllUl‘r. it is the end of all juit government, at the lame tirm that it l‘ecurrs the liberty of the public againtlfirngn injury, to {eeure the liberty of the individual againf't private injury. i do not, therefore, think it briefly jult to fay, that it belongs to the nature or government to entrench on private liberty. It ought never to do this, except as far as the xercil‘e of private liberty ll encroziclies |