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Show ADMINISTRATIVE REPORT LXXIII men may read, and it clearly teaches that the pleasures of music are derivative. Here let us pause for a remark about the attitude of idealism and materialism toward this question. Idealism affirms that not only is pleasure, as a quality, created by the mind, but that even the properties of sound itself are created by the mind. Materialism affirms that the property inheres in the sounding body, and the quality also in the sounding body. What we affirm is that the property inheres in the sounding body, and the quality in the body pleased. SympJiony- In modern time, or the time of representative government, which also may be considered as the time of science par excellence, symphony has been added to music. The development of symphonic music is dependent on the development of musical instruments. Musical instruments themselves have their germ in the hunter stage of society. A tree overthrown by a tempest may be crosscut into sections with a stone ax, reenforced by fire. Such a section may then be hollowed out with a stone adz and living coals. A vessel thus wrought serves many purposes. At night, when the tribe dances in glee, this mortar or tub for soaking skins becomes a drum. A wild gourd holding pebbles becomes a timbrel A staff cut with notches is played upon with another and smaller one with rhythmic, rasping thrum, and becomes a viol. A reed, or a section of bark, or the hollow bone of a bird, makes a flute. A tablet two fingers wide and a span in length, suspended from a staff with sinew, becomes a roarer which is whipped through the air- the first trumpet of primitive man. A group of such implements ( and there are many others in primitive life) constitutes the first orchestra. When science comes and the nature of sound itself is understood as a property, musical instruments are invented and improved by the liusbandry of mind until a great variety is developed; thus symphony grows from the soil of time. What, then, is symphony ? It is a succession of melodies, every one of which is produced by a group of instruments, one of which may be the human voice. Now, as these instruments play in unison, one or another is selected to play the leading melody, and the |