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Show XL BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY villages; and his paper affords an excellent illustration of the combination of prehistoric tradition and observational data in the interpretation of relics, and thence in the tracing of unwritten history. In every stage of culture there is an unexpressed basis for knowledge of the kind usually conveyed by tradition or literature- a basis unstated merely because a commonplace of current thought. In civilization the unexpressed basis comprises the existence of nations and cities, the recognition of church and state, etc; and no student would deem it worth while to demonstrate the existence of these commonly accepted things- they are mere matters of fact from the view- point of civilization. Similarly, there are accepted commonplaces in barbarism and in savagery; and no barbarian or savage thinks of explaining these in any descriptive account- they are too evident from his point of view to require statement, or even to receive appreciative thought. Yet when the representative of any culture grade seeks to understand the habits or history pertaining to any other culture grade he finds it necessary to acquire the point of view pertaining to that culture grade; and when he seeks to convey his knowledge to others of his own grade he finds it necessary to begin with the commonplaces of the other. So, in describing the migrations of a pueblo people, Dr Fewkes naturally and necessarily devotes large space to the distinctive social organization of their culture grade; for the migrations were made and are kept in mind wholly in tenns of this organization, and would not be comprehensible either to the people themselves or to others unless described in these terms. The social organization of the Tusayan people is typical and well worthy of statement in itself; but the application of clanship in tracing tribal movements, and in elucidating and interpreting relics, gives a special significance to the clans and their relations. It has for some time been known that the pueblo peoples are . highly composite; and Dr Fewkes's contribution marks a noteworthy step toward knowledge of the antecedents of both peoples and culture. |