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Show the development of such research fields. Some of the difficult problems in the studies of furnaces can be attributed to their scales. The scales of usual furnaces are so large that no appropriate visualization technique has never been established. It seems possible to visualize the combustion phenomena in prototype furnaces using an appropriate optical system. Only the action that we have to go into is to try. Visualization of the gas flow, temperature, and species concentration profiles in furnaces is undoubtedly useful to improve furnaces. References 1. Fristrom, R. M. and Westenberg, A. A., Flame Structure, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1965. 2. Gay don, A • G . and W 0 1 f h a r d , H • G., fl~1!!~~.l._!h~i!_§'~!.!!.£~.!!!~.l. Radiation and Temperature, 4th ed., Chapman and Hall, London, 1979. 3. Glassman, I., Combustion, Academic Press, 1977. 4. Strehlow, R. A., Combustion Fundamentals, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1985. 5. Kuo, K. K., Principles of Combustion, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1986. 6. Lewis, B. and von Elbe, G.Combustion, Flames and Explosions of Gases, 3rd ed., Academic Press, Orlando, 1987. 7. Andrews, G. E. and Bradley, D., Comb. Flame, ~, 133(1975). 8. Tsuji, H., Science of Machine, 28, 1019(1976). 9. Mutoh, N., Hirano, T., and Akita, K., 17th Symp.(Int.) on Comb. p. 1183 , The Combustion Inst., Pittsburgh, Pa., 1979. 10. Hirano, A., pri va te communication; in a brochure"Laser Diagnostics of Flame," issued from Osaka Gas Co., Ltd., 1991. 11. Hirano, T., Iwai, K., and Kanno, Y., Astronautica Acta, 11,81 1(1972) . 12. Hasegawa, T., J. Japan Soc. Mech. Eng., 90, 610(1987). 13. Hirano, T., J. Japan Soc. Mech. Eng., 74, 1410(1971). 14. Suzuki, T., Hirano, T., and Tsuji, H., 17th Symp.(Int.) on Comb., p. 289 , The Combustion Inst., Pittsburgh, Pa, 1979. 15. Suzuki, T., Oba, M., Hirano, T., and Tsuji, H., Bulletin of the JSME, 22, 848 (1979) . 16. Hirano, T., Concept of Flame Front Turbulent Flame, Chapter 16 of "Encycropedia of Environment Control Technology, Vol. 1: Thermal Treatment of Hazardous Wastes," Cheremisinoff, P. N. ed., Gulf Publishing, Houston, Texas, 1989. 17. Tsuruda, T. and Hirano, T., Comb. Flame, ~, 66(1991). 18. Hirano, T. and Kanno, Y., 14th Symp.(Int.) on Comb., p. 391 , The Combustion Inst., Pittsburgh, Pa, 1973. 19. Hirano, T., Hisamoto, D., and Kawamata, M., ASME Paper, No. 87-HT-61, American Soc. Mech. Eng., 1987. 20. Takeno, T. and Kotani, Y., Acta Astronautica, 22, 999 (1975). 21. Takeno, T. and Kotani, Y. Progress in Astronautics and Aeronautics 58; Turbulent Combustion, p. 19, AIAA, New York, NY, 1978. 16 |