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Show REVIEWS AND RECENT PUBLICATIONS Peter Skene Ogden's Snake Country Journals, 1824-1825 and 1825-26. Edited by E. E. Rich. (ThePublications of the Hudson's Bay Record Society, XIII [London, 1950], lxxix + 283 PP-) The Hudson's Bay Record Society has performed a real service by publishing these journals-especially those of the 1824-25 expedition. Although most of Ogden's later journals have long since been published, that of his first Snake Country expedition had almost been given up as "lost" until located in Hudson's Bay Company archives a few years ago. It is now published for the first time. This volume contains not only the Ogden journals indicated by the title, but also the journal and map of William Kittson, company clerk and Ogden's major assistant on the 1824-25 expedition. Both Ogden and Kittson kept rather complete daily records of that expedition. Kittson's map is remarkably accurate, showing the lines of advance, camp sites, rivers, mountains, etc. It is difficult to overestimate the value of these historic documents. They constitute the earliest description of northern Utah, Cache Valley, Ogden Valley, and a portion of Weber Valley written by contemporaries on the scene. Contained therein are descriptions of the geography, flora, fauna, Indians, and daily weather conditions, in addition to the detailed report of the movements of a large fur brigade. The journals settle some important long-debated questions concerning Ogden's activities that season. They show that his approach into Utah was by way of Bear River through Cache Valley, to Ogden Valley via the Paradise-Liberty route, thence south from Huntsville to Weber River where his southernmost camp was established near the present location of Mountain Green, May 22-24, 1825. It was at this camp site on Weber River that the Ogden-American encounter resulting in the desertion of 23 of his men occurred. The location of this incident has never before been identified. The journals disclose that Ogden discovered Ogden Valley and named it "New Hole" and the stream that flows through it "New River." Both have since been given Ogden's name. 188 UTAH HISTORICAL QUARTERLY Although Dr. Barker in his Introduction states that "the conflict may wage long whether or not Ogden saw Great Salt Lake in 1825 . . . , " a close study of the journals and map, plus a knowledge of the terrain, proves quite conclusively that Ogden did not see Great Salt Lake at that season, but that some of his men did. Lewis A. McArthur and Robert W. Sawyer did extensive field work in identifying Ogden's 1825-26 route, but did very little with that part of the 1824-25 trek that first brought Ogden into Utah. Some of their footnotes are valuable; others must be read with caution. For example (page 49), they find it impossible to determine Ogden's southernmost penetration. However, to anyone familiar with the geography of the region this point is easily ascertainable-it is one of the major contributions of the journals. An accompanying map prepared by Ralph M. Shane must also be used with caution. It is almost completely inaccurate regarding Ogden's visit to Utah. But these are minor criticisms. The important part of the book is that devoted to the journals-it is well worth studying. The volume is very well bound, contains an index and a list of Hudson's Bay Record Society members. University of Utah David E. Miller Powell of the Colorado. By William Culp Darrah. (Princeton, New Jersey, Princeton University Press, 1951, ix + 426 pp. $6.00) In the public mind the name of Major John Wesley Powell is inseparably connected with his voyages of exploration through the unknown canyons of the Colorado River in 1869 and 1871. This is perfectly natural since almost everything previously published about him has been connected with his river voyages. From the title of this volume one might get the impression that it is just another of the many "river" books, but such is not the case. William Culp Darrah has written a very interesting and complete biography of Major Powell covering his entire life, and so thorough has been his research that no part of the story seems to be missing. To one familiar with Colorado River literature, his chapters on the voyages of 1869 and 1871 are too brief, introduce little that is new, and indicate that the author himself REVIEWS AND RECENT PUBLICATIONS 189 has not been through the canyons. However, this lack of detail already has been amply supplied in Volumes XV and XVI-XVII of the Utah Historical Quarterly (partly edited by Mr. Darrah), thus eliminating the need for lengthy discussion. The purpose of this volume is to evaluate Major Powell's outstanding contribution to scientific literature, and it might perhaps be more accurately entitled "Powell, Pioneer Scientist." The study of geology was still in its infancy when the Major began his famous explorations of the West. With a brilliant mind free of orthodoxy and tradition, Powell began organizing the provable facts of geology into a science, originating many new theories which were not accepted at the time but have since been proven correct. Recognizing the need for a geological department of the government to study economical use of its public lands, he almost singlehandedly organized the United States Geological Survey of which he was director for many years, and brought together a group of brilliant young men to work under him. This was his greatest achievement; the voluminous reports he wrote and published are still considered geological classics. But Major Powell had many scientific interests besides geology. While exploring the West he began gathering ethnological material from all the Indian tribes he met. Some isolated work along this line had been done, but there was no general repository for this information. So when Powdl returned to Washington he also organized the United States Bureau of Ethnology, working without salary, and began publishing his findings. For a time he was director of both organizations, but later confined his efforts to ethnology. He was director of that department until the time of his death in 1902. Powell did more than any other man of his time to put the study of geology on a really scientific footing, and he truly can be called the father of the science of ethnology. He should be remembered for these accomplishments rather than for his river voyages, and this is the fact which Mr. Darrah demonstrates. While Major Powell possessed an outstandingly brilliant mind, his Welsh ancestry gave him a personality which was not all sweetness and light. He was stubborn, opinionated, dogmatic, and dictatorial, with a tendency to "pull his rank" on many occasions. For this he has been severely criticized by some writers, 190 UTAH HISTORICAL QUARTERLY and not without justice. But in the final analysis it must be admitted that without those qualities of doggedness, perseverance, and self-confidence he never could have accomplished the things he did. Let his faults be written in the sand; his virtues are graven on the granite walls of the unknown canyons he explored. Torrey, Utah Charles Kelly Mr. Justice Sutherland. By Joel Francis Paschal. (Princeton, New Jersey, Princeton University Press, 1951, 267 pp. $4.00) Professor Paschal has written a notable biography of a notable American. It is the story of a man born in 1862, in Buckinghamshire, England. During this same year, the father, Alexander George Sutherland, became a member of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and coming to America, he eventually settled in Provo, Utah, where the young son attended school, and became a student at the Brigham Young Academy when Dr. Karl G. Maeser was the principal. While at the Academy, Dr. Maeser was his principal teacher. This institution later became the Brigham Young University, and in an address delivered at the University commencement in 1941, Sutherland described his old teacher: Dr. Maeser's knowledge seemed to reach into every field. Of course there were limits, but they were not revealed to me during my courses at the Academy. That he was an accomplished scholar, I knew from the first. But the extent of his learning so grew before my vision as time went on, that my constant emotion was one of amazement. I think there were days when I would have taken my oath that if the Rosetta Stone had never been found, nevertheless he could have easily revealed the meaning of the Egyptian hieroglyphics. He spoke with a decided accent; but his mastery of the English language, of English literature, and of the English way of thought was superb. "As an instructor," says Sutherland, "he was a man of such transparent and natural goodness, that his students gained not only knowledge, but character which is better than knowledge." The Academy's atmosphere and tone of instruction were definitely religious, and Brigham Young's single command to Maeser REVIEWS AND RECENT PUBLICATIONS 191 at the time of its establishment was: "I do not want you to attempt even the alphabet or the multiplication table without the spirit of the Lord." Though the parents of Sutherland had withdrawn from the Church, the young student was never made to feel that his dissent made the slightest difference in the attention he received or the esteem in which he was held. Inspiring to Sutherland was Dr. Maeser's discussion of the Constitution of the United States, and during his entire life he felt that a divine hand had guided the framers in writing that document. Section 101 of the Doctrine and Covenants was doubtless quoted, according to Dr. Paschal, for we read: Therefore it is not right that any man should be in bondage one to another. And for this purpose have I established the Constitution of this land, by the hands of wise men whom I raised up unto this very purpose and redeemed the land by the shedding of blood. Other words from the Doctrine might be quoted to emphasize these words, and it was Brigham Young who had said that some day, "The Constitution would be hanging upon a single thread, but the faithful would rush forth to save it." The ideals of education held by Dr. Maeser are written in his book entitled School and Fireside, published in 1898. "The fundamental principle of education," he wrote, "is the development of individuality." To this principle Dr. Maeser attributed all progress in "politics, commerce, industry, art, and learning." While placing high value on the works of John Stuart Mill, he accorded the first place among philosophers to Herbert Spencer. In beautiful tribute, he termed Spencer the peer of Plato, Aristotle, Bacon, Newton, Leibnitz, and Kant. Spencerian notions were much a part of the intellectual atmosphere of Sutherland's early years. When he went to Ann Arbor for his law course, he became a student of Thomas Mclntyre Cooley, the scholarly dean of the University of Michigan Law School, which was at its height when Sutherland matriculated. The lectures of Dean Cooley on the Constitution and laws of the United States were considered by scholars all over America as the most scholarly on the subject. These lectures went to affirm the truth of his former professor at Brigham Young 192 UTAH HISTORICAL QUARTERLY Academy that the Constitution was the result of divine intervention. After becoming a resident of Salt Lake City, Sutherland established an extensive law practice with the law firm of Samud R. Thurman and William H. King, and with the issuance of the famous manifesto in 1890 prohibiting the further contracting of polygamous marriages, Utah soon became a state, and the people of Utah divided on national party lines. All through the years Sutherland considered the Republican party as the distinct party of the Union. "All through his career, he seemed to remember that the secessionists had been democrats." Then there was another and more vital reason, for he saw in the development of his own state the various industries that added to the wealth of the people. There were sugar, lead, and wool industries which produced fertile ground for the protective idea. The tariff became with him a necessity for the development of the industrial life of the entire United States. With this arose the higher concept of the meaning of the federal government. Herein does the author of the life of Sutherland bring out the chief difference between the Republican party and the Democratic party. With the advent of Utah into statehood in 1896, a new era began politically for the state. One of the main incidents of the beginning of the century was the election of Reed Smoot in 1903 as Senator from Utah. Sutherland himself was elected to the Senate in 1905, succeeding Thomas Kearns. Meanwhile the opposition to Smoot taking his place in the Senate was overcome, although the opposition was supported by a group of Utah gentiles supported by The National League of Women's Organizations, "who spoke for all true women who love the Republic." From then on, to the election of Woodrow Wilson in 1912 as President of the United States, both Sutherland and Smoot became influential and played an important part in the Senate. Sutherland took a lead in reforming our judicial system and supported measures which promised great benefit to the masses. "He vigorously supported acts establishing the eight-hour day for laborers employed by the United States, the Children's Bureau, the Postal Savings Banks, and a system of workman's compensation for inter-state employees." Professor Paschal treats of the election of 1912 in which Woodrow Wilson was elected President of the United REVIEWS AND RECENT PUBLICATIONS 193 States, which returned the Democrats to power. During the time that Sutherland was in the Senate, he opposed Wilson's administration bitterly. He stood for the principles that had characterized the Republican party through the years, and while a member of the Supreme Court, his beliefs and opinions never changed. "He conceived the Constitution as miraculously providing for his ideal state. To begin with, it was LAW. But it was no ordinary law. It had one and only one true meaning-that with which it was endowed at the time of its adoption, and this supplied a constant standard with which exact compliance was always acquired." In all of his positions in the government, Sutherland had well defined and clear opinions for which he contended and to which he sustained by a pure moral attitude which was the fundamental power of his character. During his career, Justice Sutherland was awarded many honorary degrees by famous universities. The citation of that of Columbia is typical. George Sutherland, United States Senator from Utah, profoundly versed in the law and policy of the Constitution; contributing with patient and scholarly statesmanship to the preparation and enactment of the judicial code of the United States; a chief influence as chairman of the Commission appointed by the President of the United States upon Workman's Compensation in drafting the well considered bill which withstood the exhaustive scrutiny of House of Congress; earnest believer in American civil liberty and its powerful expositor and defender. It would be a fine thing if books dealing with men like Justice Sutherland could be studied by the students of our schools and universities. Such books stir one with the sacredness of the Constitution of the United States. Salt Lake City, Utah Levi Edgar Young Jedediah Smith, Fur Trapper of the Old West. By Olive Burt. Illustrated by Robert Doremus. (New York, Julian Messner, Inc., 1951, 187 pp. $2.75) This book, though the story of Jedediah Smith in particular, is also a tribute to the mountain men in general, whose courage and fearlessness led to the opening of the West and the building 194 UTAH HISTORICAL QUARTERLY of a new nation. In 1882 young "Diah" (as his friends called him), answered an ad in the Missouri Republican to join a party of beaver trappers. Thus he began a new life of hardship and danger. A man of imagination and a born leader, his resourcefulness and courage made him an outstanding personality in Western history. Mrs. Burt's researches extended over a seven-year period, and she personally was able to traverse portions of the routes followed by Jedediah Smith. This is excellent reading for young people, full of adventure and drama. Arizona: The History of a Frontier State. By Rufus Kay Wyllys. (Phoenix, Arizona, Hobson and Herr, 1950, xiii + 408 pp. $6.00) Arizona, youngest mainland state in the Union, has long lacked a complete and authentic history. Here, at last, is just such a volume written by a professional historian who trained under the tutelage of Dr. Herbert E. Bolton, dean of Western historians. Dr. Wyllys, chief living authority on Arizona history, is head of the social studies department of Arizona State College at Tempe, Arizona. His book is well organized and maintains a balance between historical facts and description and interpretation. Nine specially prepared maps and several well selected photographs, in addition to an extensive bibliography and index, add further value to the volume. It will be of interest not only to the trained historian but to the entertainment seeker as well, and deserves a prominent place among the list of good state histories. The West of Alfred Jacob Miller from the Notes and Water Colors in the Walters Art Gallery. With an account of the artist by Marvin C. Ross. (Norman, Oklahoma, University of Oklahoma Press, 1951, liv + 200 pp. $10.00) This volume contains 200 black and white reproductions of the watercolor paintings made by Alfred Jacob Miller when he was selected by Sir William Drummond Stewart as the artist to accompany an expedition to the Far West in 1837. The reproductions are finished studio versions made some twenty years after the artist visited the West from rough sketches executed on the spot. The addition of the notes made by the artist adds im- REVIEWS AND RECENT PUBLICATIONS 195 measurably to the value of the sketches. It is unfortunate, however, that reproduction in color is limited to the frontispiece only. The book is attractively bound, and printed on fine quality paper. The publication of Miller's sketches and notes is a valuable contribution to Western Americana. Tombstone's Epitaph. By Douglas D. Martin. (Albuquerque, New Mexico, The University of New Mexico Press, 1951, xii + 272 pp. $4.50) Pulitzer Prize winner Douglas D. Martin, former managing editor of the Detroit Free Press, and now head of journalism at the University of Arizona, has compiled an interesting and graphic account of Tombstone, Arizona, "The Town Too Tough to Die." The book relates the story of Tombstone in the words of the Epitaph, the little newspaper started in 1880 by John P. Clum, an ex-Indian agent. Mr. Martin has skillfully abstracted from the files of the paper, adding only such information as is essential to clarify and connect unrelated episodes. Here are on-the-spot accounts of the colorful characters and dramatic events of a fabulous Western mining camp. Tombstone's Epitaph is a picturesque and informative record of life in a boom-town written in an unvarnished and refreshing style. Navaho Means People. Photographs by Leonard McCombe. Text by Evon Z. Vogt and Clyde Kluckhohn. (Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard University Press, 1951, 159 pp. $5.00) Through the eye of the camera, Navaho Means People allows the reader a firsthand look at the real way of life of a people, their customs and ceremonials. Here, too, is shown the suffering of the Navaho in a white man's world in his attempt to adjust to a new way of life. Life photographer Leonard McCombe actually lived with the Navaho people while taking these photographs. Notes and commentary have been added by Evon Vogt and Clyde Kluckhohn, anthropologists at Harvard University. As explained in the preface, the pictures were taken during the winter, but the lack of photographs in agricultural interests is more than made up in other phases. This is a pathetic and moving pictorial essay 196 UTAH HISTORICAL QUARTERLY designed for the general reader bringing with it a contribution to the general understanding of Navaho life. Under Dixie Sun. Edited by Hazel Bradshaw. Illustrations by Nellie Jenson. (Washington County Chapter, Daughters of Utah Pioneers, 1950, 438 pp.) One-Hundred Years of History of Millard County. Sponsored by East and West Millard Chapters, Daughters of Utah Pioneers. East Millard compiled by Stella H. Day; West Millard compiled by Sebrina C. Ekins. (Millard County Chapter, Daughters of Utah Pioneers, 1951, xvi + 808 pp.) An important part of the many centennial celebrations observed in Utah during the past few years has been the publication of volumes dealing with county histories. Under Dixie Sun ("A History of Washington County by Those Who Loved Their Forebears"), and One-Hundred Years of History of Millard County are only two of the many outstanding works in this category. Both volumes are the result of much research and investigation on the part of many contributors. Each book is profusely illustrated and contains a wide range of material dealing with the industrial, agricultural, and social phases of Utah history. It is unfortunate that neither volume has an index, the addition of which would have added greatly to their value and usefulness. However, what is lacking in professionalism is more than compensated for by the sincerity and forethought of the many contributors to the volumes. The important thing is that with the publication of these volumes much important local history that otherwise might be lost or destroyed is preserved for future use. Bird's-Eye View of the Pueblos. By Stanley A. Stubbs. (Norman, Oklahoma, University of Oklahoma Press, 1950) Cable Car Carnival. By Lucius Beebe and Charles Clegg. (Oakland, California, Grahame Hardy, 1951) California Local History: A Centennial Bibliography. Edited by Ethel Blumann and Mabel W. Thomas. (Stanford, California, Stanford University Press, 1950) REVIEWS AND RECENT PUBLICATIONS 197 Camels to California: A Chapter in Western Transportation. By Harlan D. Fowler. (Stanford, California, Stanford University Press, 1950) The Carbonate Camp Called Leadville. By Don L. and Jean Harvey Griswold. (Denver, Colorado, University of Denver Press, 1951) Comstock Bonanza. Edited by Duncan Emrich. (New York, The Vanguard Press, 1950) A Dangerous Journey: California 1849. By J. Ross Browne. (Palo Alto, California, Arthur Lites Press, 1950) Frontier Justice. By Wayne Gard. (Norman, Oklahoma, University of Oklahoma Press, 1949) Gallery of Western Paintings. Edited by Raymond Carlson. (New York, McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., 1951) Heart Throbs of the West, Vol. XII. Compiled by Kate B. Carter. (Salt Lake City, Utah, 1951) Heritage of Conflict: Labor Relations in the Nonferrous Metals Industry up to 1930. By Vernon H. Jensen. (Ithaca, New York, Cornell University Press, 1950) History and Bibliography of Southern California Newspapers, 1851-1876. By Muir Dawson. (Los Angeles, Dawson's Book Shop, 1950) Indian Forest and Range. By J. P. Kinney. (Washington, D. C, Forestry Enterprises, 1950) Joseph Smith. By John A. Widtsoe. (Salt Lake City, Utah, Deseret News Press, 1951) Land of the Conquistadores. By Cleve Hallenbeck. (Caldwell, Idaho, The Caxton Printers, 1950) Legends of the Comstock Lode. By Lucius Beebe and Charles Clegg. (Oakland, California, Grahame H. Hardy, 1950) The Official Record of the Reno Court of Inquiry. Edited by Col. W. A. Graham, U. S. A., Ret'd. (Pacific Palisades, 1951) 198 UTAH HISTORICAL QUARTERLY The Old Oregon Country: A History of Frontier Trade, Transportation, and Travel. By Oscar Osburn Winther. (Stanford, California, Stanford University Press, 1950) Oregon Imprints, 1847-1870. By Douglas C. McMurtrie. (Eugene Oregon, University of Oregon Press, 1950) Overland to California on the Southwestern Trail. Edited by George P. Hammond and Edward H. Howes. (Berkeley, California, University of California Press, 1950) The River of the West. By Mrs. Frances Fuller Victor. ([Columbus, Ohio, Long's College Book Company, 1950]) Silver Town [Colorado]. By John Willard Horner. (Caldwell, Idaho, The Caxton Printers, 1950) A Treasury of Western Folklore. Edited by B. A. Botkin. Foreword by Bernard DeVoto. (New York, Crown Publishers, Inc.. 1951) Allen C. Reed, "Marble Canyon Damsite," Arizona Highways. March, 1951. [Photographs by the author.] Dale S. King, "Pageant of the Pueblos," Arizona Highways. May, 1951. Jonreed Lauritzen, "Arizona Strip-The Lonesome Country," Arizona Highways, June, 1951. John Francis McDermott, Editor, "Alfred S. Waugh's 'Desultory Wanderings in the Years 1845-46,' " Bulletin of the Missouri Historical Society, April, 1951. "We Stole Millions at Goldfield" [Nevada], Calico Print. April, 1951. Harold Weight, "Those Fabulous Cities of Cibola," Calico Print, May, 1951. Dr. Lois Borland, "The Sale of the San Juan," Colorado Magazine. April, 1951. James Warren Covington, "Federal Relations With the Colorado Utes, 1861-1865," Colorado Magazine, October, 1951. REVIEWS AND RECENT PUBLICATIONS 199 William H. Behle, "Dellenbaugh, 1873," Desert Magazine, February, 1951. Joyce Rockwood Muench, "Drill Crew in Marble Gorge," Desert Magazine, May, 1951. Nell Murbarger, "Forgotten Ghost of Gold Mountain," ibid. Harold Weight, "Rocks of the Ages-in Utah," Desert Magazine, June, 1951. Randall Henderson, "We Camped on Kaiparowits . . . ," Desert Magazine, September, 1951. C. W. McCullough, "Giles-The Town the 'Dirty Devil' Took," Improvement Era, January, 1951. Doyle L. Green, "John M. Horner . . . California's 'First' Farmer," Improvement Era, April and May, 1951. Leonard J. Arrington, "Brigham Young and the Transcontinental Telegraph Line," Improvement Era, July, 1951. John A. Widtsoe, "Was Brigham Young Responsible for the Mountain Meadows Massacre?" Improvement Era, August, 1951. A. William Lund, "The Ship Brooklyn," Improvement Era, October, 1951. Joyce May, "Ricks College-Idaho's Latter-day Saints School," ibid. Louise Lee Udall, "Jacob Hamblin . . . Story of His Later Years . . . Death and Burial," ibid. Wayne C. Temple, "The Pikes Peak Gold Rush," Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society, Summer, 1951. Kenneth Ross Toole, "The Genesis of the Clark-Daly Feud," Montana Magazine of History, April, 1951. "Territorial Gold Mines in 1869," ibid. Edgar I. Stewart, "Variations on a Minor Theme: Some Controversial Problems of the Custer Fight," Montana Magazine of History, July, 1951. 200 UTAH HISTORICAL QUARTERLY Mamie J. Meredith, "The Importance of Fences to the American Pioneer," Nebraska History, June, 1951. Donald E. Worcester, "The Navaho During the Spanish Regime in New Mexico," New Mexico Historical Review, April, 1951. J. Wesley Huff, "A Coronado Episode," ibid. J. J. Wagoner, "Development of the Cattle Industry in Southern Arizona, 1870's and 80's," New Mexico Historical Review, July, 1951. S. K. Stevens, "Local History-Foundation of Our Faith in Democracy," Ohio State Archaeological and Historical Quarterly. July, 1951. Verne Bright, "Black Harris, Mountain Man, Teller of Tales," Oregon Historical Quarterly, March, 1951. Russell R. Elliott, "Labor Troubles in the Mining Camp at Gold-field, Nevada, 1906-1908," Pacific Historical Review, November, 1950. Frank A. Knapp, Jr., "Two Contemporary Historians: Jose Maria Inglesias and Hubert Howe Bancroft," Pacific Historical Review, February, 1951. Leonard J. Arrington, "The Transcontinental Railroad and Mormon Economic Policy," Pacific Historical Review, May, 1951. Albert J. Partoll, "Angus McDonald, Frontier Fur Trader," Pacific Northwest Quarterly, April, 1951. Waddell F. Smith, "Brief History of Russell, Majors, and Wad-dell," Pony Express, July, 1951. S. Lyman Tyler, "The Yuta Indians Before 1680," The Western Humanities Review, Spring, 1951. N. D. Houghton, "Problems in Public Power Administration in the Southwest-Some Arizona Applications," The Western Political Quarterly, March, 1951. Alice E. Smith, "James Duane Doty: Mephistopheles in Wisconsin," Wisconsin Magazine of History, Summer, 1951. |
