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Show 4 REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF INDIAN AFFAIRS. movement because it means reduced Federal expense and the kind of education rovided for all American children. This trend to-ward State sc ,? ool facilities removes almost entirely the need of new Government schools, except in the Navajo and Puebio countries, and if the present rate of progress can be maintained for a few years the demands there will be met. The pressing need now is in that region, and in the proper upkeep of school plants filled to their ut-most capacity. PERC APITA COST OF INDIAs ~N~ ~ ~ ~ s . - O ~ c a ~ ithoenrea lisl ycr iti-cism of the total cost to the Government of Indian education. In fact the per capita allowance has never been sufficient to maintain satisfactory educational standards. As compared with other similar institutions, this allowance has always been low. The limit per pupil of $167 before the war was more liberal than $200 now. The present average cost of clothing, subsistence, fuel, furniture, build-ing materials, and other necessities in boarding schools is more than 50 per cent higher than in 1913. Likewise wages and salaries have been largely increased in nearly every business, trade, or profession, . with but shght advance in the Ind~an Service. In view of these conditions Indian schools have maintained a degree of efficiency and accomplished results that will stand comparison with any other line of public service. Of course, greater efficiency could be attained and the Indian school system made more effect~ve in every ray with a boarding school allowance of $250 per pupil, which would still be moderate as compared with State industrial schools. HEALTH. The people of the United States are naturally interested in the health of the Indians because progressive society accepts the con-clusions of philosophy and the edict of science that health is essential to human happiness and usefulness. From every ethical and practi-cal standpoint the Indian is entitled to relief from sickness and a knowledge of how to keep well, and to this end the Indian Service tries to discharge its obli ation. ~m~ c r r ~n~ s . - ~ r ophy t amcetdi icc ine, in a broad sense, deals as hygiene with the individual and as sanitation with his environment. It is very difficult to make application of either branch of this science to those who are not in alignment with the health motive, or do not understand the principles underlying the prevention of dis-eases. It is particularly difficult on Indian reservations where the people have no accurate knowledge of the mode of transmission of diseases, and our work there is delayed by the necessity of makino explanations and persuading the people to acquiesce in policies an2 measures that are for their greatest ood. NEE^ OF E D U O A T I O N . - ~ O ~ ~ aUe~a~lt~h effort may protect water sup lies; it may, in considerable egree, prevent the contamination P B of ood before it reaches the consumer; it may better the local en-vironment and lessen the danger arising therefrom; but in many things it must depend upon cooperation of the individual. Most of the preventable sickness which ends in untimely death can not be avoided or controlled by precautions or measures applied by others than those whose safety is directly involved. Instructed childhood is the material out of which healthy citizenship must be made, and |