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Show TASK 1 PROJECT PLAN GENERIC INDUSTRIAL APPROVAL PROCESSES ,r ~ LITERATURE TASK 2 SELECTION TECHNOLOGIES .-. CONTACTS ~ EXPERIENCE , , INDUSTRIAL PROCESS TASK 3 SCREEN TECHNOLOGIES ~ POTENTIAL ENERGY SAVINGS STATUS OF TECHNOLOGY , , BARRIER TO PRESENTATION TECHNOLOGY REVIEW EVALUATION ,r OF SAVINGS TASK 4 DRAFT REVIEW - REPORT Figure 1. Technical approach to identify energy saving research for industrial processes indirect heating. Again, indirect heating continues to be used because some products are destroyed by direct contact with flames or combustion processes. For instance, aluminum melting is done indirectly to avoid oxidation and contamination of the product. The allowed temperature variations are restricted by phase changes desired as illustrated in Figure 2 and metal reactions as illustrated in Figure 3 for steel. The allowable temperature variations are also partially controlled by the exposure time. For instance, loss of steel through scaling can be minimized in a continuous heating furnace by varying the time-temperature history. The fuel used may be restricted in some industrial processes because of undesirable product contamination with ash or the difficulty 314 of controlling heat fluxes with coal-firing. Still, industrial fuel flexibility can usually be increased by replacing oil and gas with solid fuels. The firing mode will sometimes restrict the fuel used in industrial processes. for instance, coal would not be used for impinged heat transfer nor would gas be used in a Stokerfired boiler. However, gas and oil might be used in a fluidized bed or a pulverized coa1- fired boiler. IDENTIFICATION OF TECHNOLOGIES - Five combustion experts with 90 years of experience in applied combustion technologies identified and classified by area of application 144 potential research topics. SCREENING TECHNOLOGIES - These 144 areas were screened by a panel composed of the |