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Show NEW J E R S E Y. feventy-five degrees weft longitude: it is bounded on the eaft by the Atlantic, on the weft by Penfylvania, or to fpeak more properly the Delaware; on the fou th by Delaware-bay; and on the north by Hudfon's river and the province of New York. The climate is nearly the fame as that of Penfylvama: and the foil, which is a kind of red flate, is fo exceedi ngly rich, that in a lhort time after it has been turned up :md expofed to the air and moi!l:ure, it is converted into a f~ecies of arle '*. New Jerfey has very great natural advantages of bills, valleys, rivers, and large bays. The Del a ware is on one fide, and Hudfon's river on the other; befides which it has the Raritan, Pafaic, and Amboy rivers; ar.1d Newark, and New York bays. It produces va!l: quantities of grain, befides hemp, flax, hay, Indian corn, and other articles. It is divided into eleven counties, and has feveral [mall towns, though not one of conlideration. The number of its inhabitants is fuppofed to be JO;ooo :of which, all males, between fix teen and fixty, Negroes excepted, are obliged to ferve in the militia. There is no foreign· trade carried on from this province; for the inhabitants fell their produce to the merchants of Philadelphia and New York, and take in return European goods and other necelfaries of life. They have fome trifling manufaCtures of their own, but nothing that deferves mentioning. The government confi.!l:s of a governor, twelve counfellors., and a houfe of reprefentatives of about twenty-fix members, * Since my return from America, I have met with a gentleman (Edward Wortley Montagu, efq.) who had vifited the Holy Land . He defcribed the foil of that country to be f1milar in almoft every circumfhnce to · this of the J erfeys . He faid, it appeared to be of a red flaty fubfiance, fl:erile, and incapable of produ6ng any thing worth the cultivation ; but that being broken up and expofed to the a.ir, it became exceedingly mdlow, and was fertile in the higheft degree. the N E W J E R S E Y. the two former nominated by the king, the latter elected by the people. Each branch has a negative; they meet at Amboy and at Burlington alternately. The governor's '-a] · h • • l< ary, Wit perq mfites, IS about 8oo, or I ooo 1. fierling a year j he is not allowed a houfe to relide in, but is obliged to hire one at his own expence. There are feve ral co urts of J·udicature h h l"k ere, muc 1 e thofe of the other provinces. The ju!l:ices hold quarterly feffions for petty larcenies and other t ·a· r. • ' f1 mg CaU1tS : and the fupreme Judge, with two affiil:ant jufiices, holds, once a ye~r, a general affize, throughout the province, of oyer and terminer, and common· pleas. He holds alfo annually four fupreme courts, alternately at Amboy and Burlington, of king'sbench, common-pleas, and exchequer. The offices of chan~ ello: and rvice_-admi~al, are executed by the governor, and the ern1er re1ort IS to h1s maje.fi:y in council. ~here ~s properly no e.fi:ablifhed religion in this province, and th_e :nha~Itants are of various perfuafions: the fociety fends fix m~!honanes, who are generally well received; and the church gams ground daily. Their falaries are about the fame as in Penfylvania. . Arts an~ fciences are here, as in the other parts of America, Jll.fi: dawmng. The college will in time, without doubt, be of confiderable adv~ntage, but being yet in its infancy, it has not had an opportumty of operating, or effecting any vifible improvement. The New Jerfey men, as to charatl:er, are like moll country gentlemen ; good-natured, hofpitable, and of a more liberal turn than their ~eighbours the Penfylvanians. They live altogether upon their efiates, and are literally O'entlemen farmers The country ~n .its prefent fl:ate can fcarcely b~ called flourilhing; for although It IS extremely well cultivated, thickly fcated, and the garden of North America, yet, having no foreign trade, it I 2 lS 59 |