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Show 250 APPENDIX TO NOTF.S. almost for the asking:; htbour receives no compcnsalio~l, and ~he p~oduct of labour docs not seem to know the .way to. maJ kct. })anul_ws accustomed to wealth and every luxury? h_a~o Witnessed. tho dccl_tlHl of their ihcomcs, until now, with undutllOIShcd c~tatcs, thcJ: fmd themselves wrestling with poverty for the commonc~t_ nt•ccssancs of life. '!'hero are no ])ublic :unuscmcnts here of a.~1y kmJ, for amusemcntd aro purchased with tho surplus wealth of a people, ~ud hero there is no surplus. * * * * _J~ut the ltsland abo~nds vnth more 1mipttblo, if not more significant C\'Jdc_n~cs of proslr~llon t_han_ these. "Since the year 183a, when tho llnttsh SJa,•cry h_m:\nc •prLtJ ~ Il :tot was passed, the real estate of tho I sland h:ts bec 1~ rn.p~dl~· ~l_cp_rcclatl~lg iu vu.lue, and its productiveness has been steadily dnnun~h m_~ to 1t~ present eomp~t.ratively 1:uinous ~tnudJu·U. ~Vhn.tcvcr d_I~CI'slt.:,: of views may ex 1st respcctmg tho mfluence wh1ch tho abohtwn ol slavery may ho.vo bad in producing this state of thing_s, there is no doullt, 1 believe, entertained by 1tny, that ~he passage ot the .Bm:tnci· pn.tion Act of 1833, wus followed ~.Y ~he dum.~ters 1 _hn.vo referred to, a11 promptly as it could hn.ve_ been 11 1t lmcl been tl.lc1r cn.';lsc .. * * •· Since 1832, out of tho 6o3 sng:llr estates then m culttVat10n, more than 150 have been abandoned and tho works broken up. This has thrown out of cultivation over 200,000 acres of rich land, which in 1832, gn.ve employment to about 30,000 laborers, and yielded orcr 15,000 hogsheads of sugar~ nnd over 0,000 p_uneheons ~f rum. "During tho same periOd, over 500 collec pl:1.ntn.t10ns have been abandoned and their works bt·okcn up. '!'his has thrown out of cui· tivn.tion ov~r 200,000 acres moro of htnd which in 1832, required tho Jabor of ovor 30,000 men." (pp. 53, 64, 55.) '1'he depreciation of rca.~ estate between 1~33, (the ~car of Emn~ci· pntion) and 1850, mn.y be JUdged of by the followm_g: mstn.nccs, wlueh M O but a few of those given by the author, and wluch, he su.ys, "may Lo relied 01t." Tho" Spring Valley" estate, contn.ining 1,244 n.CI·cs, together with "machinery, works, &c." dcp1·eciatod from £18,000 sterling to £1000. The " Tremolos" estate, of 1,450 ac1·cs, from £68,000 to £~,400, nnd, in 1850 would not probably hu.Yc sold for hu.lf that sum. Tho "Golde~ Valley" estate, of 1:.:!00 :teres, with machinery, &c., to£020. "Caen \Vood," from £18,000 to £1500. "Fair Pro:o;pect." {which at one timo produced 500 hogsheads of fmg;tr,) from £40,000 to £4,000. "Ginger Hall," (which, p1·ior to 1833, brought in an annual income of ..£.1200,) to £1--100. " Bunker Hill," {which, n.t one time, was Jhortgar.od fot· ..£.30,000,) to £2,500. (pp. 56, 57.) 1n tl~c other \Vest lndin. Colonies, tberc has been n. similar falling ofl' in exports, and a similar depreciation in real cstn.te. In Dcmeram and .Esscquibo, there were in 1838, 258 estate.'! in profit;tblo cultivation. Of these, 71 have been abandoned, and 111, t>uhl under execution. (p. 5,8.) ln Bcrbiec, up to 18--1\J, 3 cott.on, 30 cofl'cc, and 9 sugar estates lmd been abt~ndoncd i,, one cOlu!l!J alone, and were, at that time, '' relnps-- inj~njfr~i:;!1~:;1i:~,~~:·i~pi8~g:> there were 27 estates under sequestra· tion -25 of them, tiugn.r cstates,-and. tho real estate valu:Ltiou had fall~u fJ.·om £.20,000,000 sterling to £UG0,000! (p. Gl.) APPENDIX 1'0 NOTES. 251 "Jrrmaicn. embraces about 4,000,000 acres of land, of which there nrc not: probably, any ten I yin~ adjacent to each other, which n.re not susceptible of the lli;:.;hc~t cultivation, while not more than 500,000 acres lm\·~ ever been recl:umcd, or e\'en appropriated." (p. 64.) ~·Tho .nchncss of th? soil may be infcncd from a usage which has CXIS!Cd SlllCC Jon~ prC\'I~US to the abolition of slavery, of setting arart to tho nc~roes on~ tiny m ~;c,·en for tho cultivation of their own httlo ~rounds from whwh they gathcre<l nearly their entire support. On :::i:tlurday/', they arc never expoc~e~~ to w~rk for any one but them· t~ch·cs. lhoy devote that tlay to tlllmg thc1r grounds and marketing their produce. 'l'l~is one day'~:~ l:tbor in erLch week is :dl they require to keep up to the lug hc!it powet· of production, from thrco to five and sometimes ten :l(;I'C:J'of pro,·ision grountls." (p. G5.) ' " Vcry.litlle of tho ~;oil has been manured, or requires to be, and su;:!l a thmg as. an cxl.mustcd CJ;tate is lHlrclly known." (p. G4.) . I he pro~uct10ns of the ! slant! :uc rum, molasses, sugar, coffee, ))mien to, gmgcr, copper and coal. {pp. G5-G9.) "Su(;h ~~ro somu of the natural resources of this dilapidated and p~verty·stnckcn country. <;ap:tblc as it is of produ~.:ing almost every tlung, U.1~d actually prod u~mq notlling .which might not become n at1tple. w1th a propm· applicatiOn of e:lpttJti and skill, its inhabitants ~;~0;1r:~fl~~~~Zw;~~~ ~~J~ctd~~.~~t.tiinking deeper aud deeper into the Maguas inter opes 1'uops. ShiJ,ping has .dcsertcU he~ ports; her magnificent plnntntions of su?~·t· and coflcc arc run1ung to weeds; her private dwellings aro fa.lllng: to dc~1ty; the comforts :t_ud luxm·ics which belong to mdus· twli prospcr1ty h:_n·e b_eeo cut oil one by one, from hc1· inhabitants ; nod the day, 1 th1~k, ta. at hand when the1·e will be nono left to rep. resent the wealth, Intclhftcncc and hospitality for which tho Jamaica pl:1:~~~rp~~~~l~~?~.::~s~::t~o~~~i~~~~~·~' th~pfo~~~~·inO' ·- 1. P1·ice of free labour. 0 • .2 .. The small c~~mpcnl)ation they J·cccivcd for their ahvcs. 'l'he Com· n•lSSIOUers :tppr:uscd the sil~vc·property of all the British West Indies nt £4:~. 1~4!~1'{; "~s. GJ .. and the govcrnmcnt.fina.lly allowed the 0\\'ners on.ly £16,Ga~~o ... ,. .SR. l.~d., fJr lc~<s than 50 pel' cent. • _a. Hcduchon of tho sug:H•dutics in 1840, to the amount of some £t>,OOO,OOtl, annually. (pp. 71, i2.) · {:bD~~~~~:·~to~c~}u~:Go~:~. ~~ eoutrary, nrc these:- "l.co~lh.l. not pNCcivc that sixteen years of freedom hn.d admnced the tbgmty of_ labour, or of the ln.hou1·ing classes one particle. 'l'bn.t f~!llcrcy "~l:lch sl:L,·c,? ahmys !_raves bcl~iud it, 1 !Ound here, neither "' ·~~U:t n?r tedut.:?d· lho opcmtn·c occuptes a tlcctdedly lower social po~nwn 111 Ja~nu.1ca now, than he Jocs iu South Carolina." (p. 77.) :-· .J~bscntcCism . 's:~ooo a ,YCn.l' to A~cuts, &c. a .. .EncumbcJ~ed E;;t atcs. MOl·t;..:-agc.s paid oft~ in part, by the money rc~cn•cd from Go:·crnm?nt. (p. SV.) 'But the que.::itJon aru:~cs, wl1y have not the properties been sold by |