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Show 102 ZOOLOGY OF TIIE VOYAGE OF THE BEAGLE. the raye, Pectorals very little in advance of the ventrals, in length more than half that of the head, with the second, third, and fourth rays longest. V entrals in an exact vertical line with the commencement of the dorsal, nearly equal to the pectorals, with the first and second soft rays longest ; the spine rather more than half the length of the first soft ray ; the last soft ray united to the body by a membrane. CoLOUllS. -" Centre of each scale pale vermilion red: lower jaw quite white: a large irregular patch above the pectoral bright yellow: iris red, pupil blue-black."-D. The dried skin in its present state is of a nearly uniform brown. Habitat, Chatham Island, Galapagos Archipelago. I have named this species in honour of Mr. Darwin, whose researches in the Galapagos A1·chipelago, where he obtained it, have been so productive in bringing to light new forms. I have referred it to the genus Cossypltus of Valenciennes, on aceount of the small rounded grains behind the principal teeth ; but it rather departs from that group in not having the preopercle denticulated, and in having no scales on any of the vertical fins, with the exception of a few at the base of the caudal. In some respects it seems intermediate between that genus and Lahrus. It does not appear to be described, though it seems to approach the C. reticulatus of Valenciennes in many of its characters. That species however is from Japan. The canines at the anterior extremity of each jaw are very conspicuous in this fish, and give it at first sight much the appearance of a Dentex. CHEILIO RAMosus. Jen. C. nig1·ojuscus, infra lineam lateralem et in ventre obscure urgenteus; pinnis pallide fuscis immaculatis : C01'j)ore 1Jalde elongato : dentibus in maxilla superiore d~tobus anlicis caninis fortiblts, lateralib~ts conicis parvis suba3qualibus; in injeriore, caninis parvis, lateralibus variis incequalibus: lined laterali ramosd. B. 6; D. 9/13; A. 3/12; C. 12, et 4 breviores; P. 11 ; V. 1f5. LoNG. unc. 9. lin. 6. FonM.-~ ery much elo.ngate~, with the dorsal and ventral lines nearly straight. Depth varying but httle, and con tamed nme and a half times in the entire length ; thickness not quite threefourths of the depth. Head elongated, contained not more than three and a half times in the entire length, com~ressed, with the cheeks vertical Snout very much produced, slightly rounded at the extremtty: gape reaching half way to beneath the middle of the eye. Jaws scarcely protractile·' the upper one a l1't tle th e 1o ngest: li ps reflexed m· the form of membra- ~nccous fl~ps, especially the lower one, the margin of which is sinuous. Teeth ranged in a smgle r.o w m .e ach jaw · Those ab ove fjo rm a numerous, c1 o sc-set, nearly even ser1· es at the st·d es of the Ja~, With two long hooked canines in front; the lateral teeth amount to about thirty-five on each. stde ' and arc small ' bu t st rong, somew h at com·c al, and not very sharp-pom· ted. In the lower Jaw there are two fro n t canm· es, S·I IDI'1 ar to those m· the upper, but much smaller; then FISH. 103 follow four short conical teeth; then six large triangular, compressed, sharp-pointed ones, but not all of equal size ; then five more small conical ones, which complete the series on each side. No teeth on the vomer or palatines. Eyes of moderate size, situate in the middle of the length of the head, high, but not touching the line of the profile; their diameter oneeighth the length of the head. Preopercle rectangular. Opercle triangular, the membrane produced posteriorly at the upper part in the form of a rounded angle: a short row of scales observable along its upper margin, and another along its lower. Subopercle and interopercle without scales. Also a short row of scales, similar to those on the opercle, behind and partially beneath each eye, and, with these exceptions, no other scales on the head. Above each eye is an irregular row of minute pores: there are also pores beneath the eye, and on the sides of the snout, mixed with short raised lines having somewhat the appearance of written characters. Gill-opening widely cleft; the branchial membrane free all round. Scales on the body moderately large, and similar in form to those of the C. auratus, as described by Cuvier and Valenciennes. The number, in a longitudinal line from the gill to the caudal, is forty-six, in a vertical about seventeen. Lateral line also as in that species, but with the mucous tubes branched, and giving off eight or nine twigs on each side. The dorsal commences a little behind the terminating angle of the opercle, and the anal immediately beneath the first branched ray of the dorsal: these fins terminate in the same vertical line, and the last ray in each is double : the simple rays are soft and flexible. Caudal slightly rounded. Pectorals short, and obliquely truncated, contained eleven and a half times in the entire length. Ventrals very small, about two-thirds the length of the pectorals, rounded, close together, with an elongated scale between them; their point of insertion slightly backwarder than that of the pectorals. CoLoun.-N ot noticed in the recent state. In spirits, it appears of an. almost uniform dark brown, at least above the lateral line. There is some trace of a pale longitudinal band on each side of the head beneath the eye, which is continued, but rather indistinctly, along the whole length of the body, the tips of the scales remaining dark. Possibly during life all the lower part of the sides and belly may have exhibited numerous dark spots upon a pale or silvery ground. Under part of the head pale brown, with some faintly-defined ocellatcd spots: also a faint trace of red on the opercle. All the fins pale brown, without spots. Habitat, Japan ? This species was given to Mr. Darwin, when at Chiloe, by the surgeon of a whaling-ship, who said that he believed that it was caught in the Japan seas. From the great similarity which prevails amongst the species ?f t~is genus, I am not sure that it is really new, as I have ventured to cons1de~ It. The specific character also, so far as the colours are concerned, must be received with some caution, in consequence of these last not having been obs~rved. in the recent state. It seems to approach very closely the C. !temiclu·ysos of_ Cuv1er and Valenciennes, brought by MM. Quoy and Gaimard from the. Sandwteh Islands; but it differs in its colours especially in the fins being all umformly pale brown, and in having fewer scales' on the opercle, and beneath the eye. I t I.S I. mpossi'b l e |