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Show 100 Additional Notes. of our language from another circumstance, that abstracted idea~ become o readily per onified simply by the omission of it; which perhaps renders the Engli h language better adapted to poetry than any other an ient or modern: the following prosopop<X!ia from Shakspearc is thus beautiful. l1c 1 t one ·almcut like a worm j' th' bnd Feed on her damask cl1eck. And the following line, translated from J uvcnal by Dr. J olm on, is much superior to the original, owing to the easy personification of Worth and Poverty, and to the consequent conciseness of it. Difficile cmergunt, quorum vit·tutibus ob tnt Res angu ta domi. Slow rises Worth by Poverty d pr ·'d. S. A third class of adjectives includes what are termed P A.RTJCIPLES, which are allied to tl1e infinitive moods of verbs, and are formed in our language by the addition only of the syllable ing or ed; and are of two kinds, active and passive, as Iovino-, lov d, from the verb to love. The verbs stwgest an idea of the noun, or thing poken of; and also of its manner of existence, whether at rc t, in action, or in being acted upon;· as I lie still, or I whip, or I am whipped; and, lastly, another idea of the time of rc ting, acting, or uff'ering; but these adjectives called participles, suggest only two primary ideas, one of the noun, or thing poken of, and another of the mode of exi tence, but not a third idea of time; and in this respect participles differ from the verbs, from which they originate, or which originat d from them, except in their infinitive moods. Nor do they resemble adjectives only in their suggesting but two primary ideas; but in the Latin and Greek languages they are declined through all the cases, genders, and numbers, like other adjectives; and change their terminations in the d grees of comparison. In our language the participle passive, joined to the verb to be, for the purpose of adding to it the idea of time, forms the whole of the passive voice; and is frequently used in a similar manner in the Latin The 1'hcor'!J and Structure of Language. 101 !~nrruage, as ~ am loved i expressed either by amor, or amatus sum. lhc constructiOn of the whole passive voice from the verb to be and tl_1e pa~ticiplcs passive of other verbs, contributes much to the simpli<: Jty of our languag , and the ease of acquiring it; but renders it les concise than perhaps it might have been by some simple variations of termination, as in the active voice of it. 4. A fourth kind of adjective is alled by the grammarians an AovEnB; which hus generally been formed from the first kind of adjectives, as the e were frequently formed from corre pendent substall tives; or it ha be 11 formed from the third kind of adjectives, called rarticiples; aud thi j effected in. uot:h ca c. uy the addition of the syllable ly, as wi ely, charmin<dy. This kind of adjective suo-gests two primary ideas, like the adjectives, and participles, from which they arc derived; but differ from them in this curiou circumstance, that the other adjectives relate to substantives, and arc declined like th m in the Latin and Greek languages, a a lovely boy, a warlike ountenancc; but the c relate to verbs, and are ther fore undeeliued, as to act boldly, to suffi r patiently. IV. Verbs. The fourth clas of wot·ds consi ts of those which are termed V EJ:tl.ls, and which in their simple t state suggest three ideas; first an idea of the noun, or name of the thino· spoken of: as a whip. C2. Aa idea of its mode of existence, wh ther at rest, or in action, or in being acted upon. 3. An idea of the time of its existence. Thus " the beadle wbipped the beggar," in prolix language might be expressed, the beadle with a whip truck in time past the beggar. Which three ideas are sugge ted by the one word whippctl. Verb are therefore nouns, or names of intire ideas, with the auditi nal ideas of their mode of existence and of time; but the participles 'uo·gest only the noun, and the mode of existence, without any idea of time; as whipping, or whipped. The infinitive moods of verbs corrc. pond in their sighification with the participles; as they |