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Show m mSm W" * z < v..-.: ; ;' T> ; . \ • • ' " ! " " *?*" y,*> v* k ; •• ; ... .** r| .... ;, -;- vJ • • ' * * V, Fig. 13. West part of the building remaining standing ( as in Fig. 11) with the locomotive lying in front, after clearing of snow. M, • h The transverse force which demolished the brick wall being discussed, especially in consideration of the loosening of the bonding occurring as a result of the longitudinal force, could hardly have exceeded about 100 to 200 kg/ m^. An estimate of the magnitude of the force component acting in the longitudinal direction is difficult, since details about the direction of the straining forces are not plainly obvious from the damages. Probably the wall was raised in front by a vertical component of the pressure and then caved in by a small pressure from the side. For this a vertical pressure component of 500 to 1000 kg/ m^ on the front wall of about 20 square meters of surface which caved in with the partition wall, was sufficient. The part of the partition wall standing between the central longitudinal wall and the rear exterior wall was torn apart by shear. From the pattern and position of the gaps it is concluded that the thrust point of the horizontal acting force component struck rather high up, approximately at the floor of the second story. b) Railroad Train At the time of the catastrophe a railroad train, consisting of an electric locomotive and five, four- axled coaches, was standing in front of the Dalaas rail station. The locomotive was turned over by the avalanche and pushed in front of the station building. The coach following was likewise turned on its side, disconnected from the train, and then evidently pushed crosswise. From a gaping hole in the roof it was concluded that one end remained attached to an object ( presumably a transmission tower), whereupon the coach turned 90° and then slid in the length- wise direction further down the slope. The second coach was likewise laid on its side and then further turned over onto its roof, pushed in front of the ramp of the freight shed, and finally raised, with the wheels upward, onto the 110 centimeter high ramp. The third coach was turned over on its side and pushed diagonally over the railroad yard. The remaining coaches remained undamaged. Figure 15 shows the details. Both the locomotive and the second coach were completely covered with the dammed up snow. 12 |
