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Show NPS Form 10-900-a 0-82) OMB No. 1024-0018 Expires 10-31-87 ' United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Inventory- Nomination Form Hogup Cave Continuation sheet Box Elder County, Utah____Item number 8___________Page 2 from the Desert Archaic to the Fremont, a point to be discussed later. Second, they further refined and clarified the cultural ecology of the Great Salt Lake area during the Archaic stage. On the basis of this ecological approach, Aikens was able to distinguish an early and late Archaic in the area but in details of subsistence orientation (i.e. predominance of pickleweed harvesting to predominance of large game hunting). Another important adjunct of the Hogup Cave studies, in terms of Great Basin prehistory, was Aikens 1 reel assifi cation of the Danger Cave projectile point collections. In collating this collection with his finds at Hogup, Aikens was able to define projectile point types approximating cultural -historical types. These types were defined on the basis of their distribution in time and space as well as on form, whereas Jennings 1 Wendover Series was only based on form. Because projectile points are probably the most diagnostic artifact of the Archaic stage, this classification of Aikens stands as an important contribution to Great Basin prehistory. Hogup Cave is one of the most important of Utah's archeological sites both in terms of the amount of valuable information it contributed to Desert West prehistory, and for the knowledge of the Archaic stage in northwestern Utah that it revealed. Unit III (A.D. 400 1350); Fremont The smooth gradual transition from Desert Archaic to Fremont exhibited at Hogup Cave was mentioned above in the discussion of the archaic stage; this transition is most evident in projectile point types. The Fremont levels at Hogup (Aikens 1 Unit III) are characterized by projectile point types which first appear in a strictly Archaic context such as Elko Corner-notched, Rose Spring Corner-notched and East Gate Expanding stem. After A.D. 400, Desert Side-notched and Rose Spring Side-notched types begin to appear and these are the types most abundant in the Bear River area. The Archaic subsistence orientation of bison-hunting and seed-harvesting is also carried into the Fremont occupation. The only radically new change appears to be the presence of Great Salt Lake Gray ware and Promontory ware pottery. Although maize was found at Hogup, it was presumably brought from elsewhere in the Great Salt Lake area as the soil in the vicinity of the cave is much too dry and alkaline Miortiet^Hture^ Aikens has interpreted the Fremont occupation at Hogup as a temporary hunting camp or outpost of the presumably horticultural Great Salt Lake Fremont populations to the east. With regard to its assignment within the variant, Marwitt (1971:63) states that "the material culture complex of Layers 12 to 14 at Hogup Cave... can easily be accommodated in the Great Salt Lake variant but the relationships of this complex to the phase sequence for the Bear River area remain to be elucidated." Three radiocarbon samples from Levels 12 and 14 yielded dates of A.D. 420, 740 and 1330 and thus suggest "that the Hogup sequence reflects the entire temporal span of the Great Salt Lake Fremont, from A.D. 400 to 1300" (Marwitt, 1970:63-64). |
