| Description |
This literature review explores the benefits and risks of Menopausal Hormone Therapy in managing various menopause-related symptoms, such as vasomotor symptoms, genitourinary syndrome of menopause, mental health, bone health, decrease of certain cancers, and cardiovascular protection. Additionally, it examines the potential risks of hormone therapy, including venous thromboembolism, neurocognitive, and increased cancer risks, as well as alternative treatments for women who cannot or choose not to undergo hormone therapy. A comprehensive literature review was conducted using sources from PubMed and CINAHL databases. The results indicate that Menopausal Hormone Therapy (MHT) remains the most effective treatment for menopausal symptoms, particularly when initiated within 10 years of menopause or before the age of 60. MHT also decreases all-cause mortality. While hormone therapy provides substantial benefits in symptom relief, it is associated with increased risks of cardiovascular events, venous thromboembolism, and breast cancer in older or high-risk women. MHT is an underutilized option for managing menopause symptoms, for low risk perimenopausal women. However, treatment decisions should be individualized, taking into account the patient's age and risk profile. Gaps in provider education regarding menopause highlight the need for improved medical training and patient education. Further research is required to refine menopausal hormone therapy protocols and develop safe, effective alternatives for managing menopause-related symptoms. |
