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Show 16 AUTHORITIES FOR SIGNS CITED. a difference, a number of specimens are extracted from the present collection of signs; which are also in some cases compared with those of deaf-mutes and with gestures made by other peoples. AUTHORITIES FOR THE SIGNS CITED. The signs, descriptions of which are submitted in the present paper, are taken from some one or more of the following authorities, viz: 1. A list prepared by WILLIAM DUNBAR, dated Natchez, June 30,1800, collected from tribes then west of the Mississippi, but probably not from those very far west of that river, published in the Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, vol. vi, as read January 16, 1801, and communicated by Thomas Jefferson, president of the society. 2. The one published in 1823 in " An Account of an Expedition from Pittsburgh to the Rocky Mountains, performed in the years 1819- 1820. By order of the Hon. J. C. Calhoun, Secretary of War, under the command of Maj. S. H. LONG, of the United States Topographical Engineers." ( Commonly called James' Long's Expedition.) This appears to have been collected chiefly by Mr. T. Say, from the Pani, and the Kansas, Otoes, Mis-souris, Iowas, Omahas, and other southern branches of the great Dakota family. 3. The one collected by Prince MAXIMILIAN von WIED- NEUWIED in 1832- 34, from the Cheyenne, Shoshoni, Ankara, Satsika, and the Absaroki, the Mandans, Hidatsa, and other Northern Dakotas. This list is not published in the English edition, but appears in the German, Coblenz, 1839, and in the French,. Paris, 1840. Bibliographic reference is often made to this distinguished explorer as " Prince Maximilian," as if there were not many possessors of that christian name among princely families. For brevity the reference in this paper will be il WiedP 4. The small collection of J. G. KOHL, made about the middle of the present century, among the Ojibwas and their neighbors around Lake Superior. Published in his " Kitchigami. Wanderings around Lake Superior," London, 1860. 5. That of the distinguished explorer, Capt R. F. BURTON, collected in 1860- 61, from the tribes met or learned of on the overland stage route, |