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Title	Achieving Ultra-Low Sulfur Levels in Refinery Fuel Gas
Creator	Brown, Lynn D.
Publisher	Digitized by J. Willard Marriott Library, University of Utah
Date	1991
Spatial Coverage	presented at Honolulu, Hawaii
Abstract	A study was performed to provide the Western States Petroleum Association (WSPA - Los Angeles refiners) with both technical and cost information on "state of the an" hydrocarbon fuel gas desulfurization processes. This report served to formulate WSPA's input to South Coast (LA) Air Quality Management District's (SCAQMD) proposed control measure F-2 to regulate the total sulfur content in gaseous fuel. The following tasks were performed in preparing this report: • An assimilation of existing refinery fuel gas data and operating data from the existing desulfurization systems. • A literature and commercial practice survey of hydrocarbon fuel gas desulfurization technologies. • The development of a "typical" refinery base case for fuel gas before and after existing treatment from WSPA member data. The solicitation of performance and cost quotations from vendors based on this generalized refinery base case. • The conceptual development of potential process schemes to achieve various levels of fuel gas desulfurization. • The estimation of the removal efficiencies and the annualized total costs (per unit of sulfur removed) of various proposed process schemes relative to each other.
Type	Text
Format	application/pdf
Language	eng
Rights	This material may be protected by copyright. Permission required for use in any form. For further information please contact the American Flame Research Committee.
Conversion Specifications	Original scanned with Canon EOS-1Ds Mark II, 16.7 megapixel digital camera and saved as 400 ppi uncompressed TIFF, 16 bit depth.
Scanning Technician	Cliodhna Davis
ARK	ark:/87278/s6d79dzk
Setname	uu_afrc
ID	7100
Reference URL	https://collections.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6d79dzk

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Title	Page 13
Format	application/pdf
OCR Text	Show CONCLUSIONS 1.) The refinery database that has been generated shows that refinery fuel gas (RFG) varies widely in inorganic, organic and sulfur content. 2.) The existing refinery analytical techniques are not capable of accurately measuring all of the sulfur compounds in RFG at the low levels that are now of interest in the field. 3.) Newly developed analytical methods are indicating that significant levels of sulfur species other than HzS, such as Carbonyl Sulfide (COS), Carbon Disulfide (CSz), Dimethyl Disulfide (DMDS) and Mercaptans (RSH's) are present in RFG streams. 4.) Existing refinery amine systems typically remove 99.5 + % of the inlet HzS. The average sulfur content in the existing RFG database is 180-250 ppmv, based on the updated measurement techniques. 5.) The different sulfur removal processes that were investigated vary considerably in their abilities to remove specific sulfur compounds. 6.) No praYeD single technology was identified that can reduoo typical RFG's to 40 ppmv average total sulfur. Based on combining a number of the technologies a refiner may be able to acheive a 40 ppmv level. Only plant tests can confirm this hypothesis. 7.) At this time, the most promising and cost effective technological areas appear to be : enhanced chemical and physical solvent absorption, regenerative caustic scrubbing, and hydrogenation / hydrolysis reaction beds. Higher pressures can increase the efficiencies of most of these; therefore compression can also be of benefit. 8.) Due to the variability of RFG's among and within refineries, a case by case analysis will be required for each refinery to determine the most cost effective scheme(s) to supplement its existing systems. 9.) Five processes or combinations thereof appear to be theoretically capable of achieving the new SCAQMD 40 ppmv total limit on an "average" RFG. The generic costs generated for these process schemes appear to fall close to the SCAQMD "cost effectiveness" expenditure guidelines. The processes evaluated are by no means to be considered an exclusive list of potential processes. -13-
Setname	uu_afrc
ID	7096
Reference URL	https://collections.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6d79dzk/7096