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Title	Scaling Laws for NOx Emission Performance of Burners and Furnaces from 30kW to 12MW
Creator	Hsieh, T.-C. Adrian; Dahm, Werner J.A.; Driscoll, James F.
Publisher	Digitized by J. Willard Marriott Library, University of Utah
Date	1996
Spatial Coverage	presented at Baltimore, Maryland
Abstract	A general burner and furnace scaling methodology is presented, together with the resulting scaling model for NOx emissions performance of a broad class of swirl stabilized industrial gas burners. The model is based on results from burner scaling experiments on a generic gas burner and furnace design at five different scales having near-uniform geometric, aerodynamic, and thermal similarity and uniform measurement protocols. These provide the first NOx scaling data over the range of thermal scales from 30 kW to 12 MW, including input-output measurements as well as detailed in-flame measurements of NO, NOx, CO, O2, unburned hydrocarbons, temperature, and velocities at each scale. The in-flame measurements allow identification of key sources of NOx production. The underlying physics of these NOx sources lead to scaling laws for their respective contributions to the overall NOx emissions performance. It is found that the relative importance of each source depends on the burner scale and operating conditions. Simple furnace residence time scaling is shown to be largely irrelevant, with NOx emissions instead being largely controlled by scaling of the near-burner region. The scalings for these NOx sources are combined in a comprehensive scaling model for NOx emission performance. Results from the scaling model show good agreement with experimental data at all burner scales and over the entire range of turndown, staging, preheat, and excess air dilution, with correlations generally exceeding 90%. The scaling model permits design trade-off assessments for a broad class of burners and furnaces, and allows performance of full industrial scale burners and furnaces of this type to be inferred from results of small scale tests.
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Format	application/pdf
Language	eng
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Scanning Technician	Cliodhna Davis
ARK	ark:/87278/s6377cbj
Setname	uu_afrc
ID	12405
Reference URL	https://collections.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6377cbj

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Title	Page 36
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OCR Text	Show References [1] Spalding, D.B. (1962) The art of partial modeling. In Proceedings of the 9th Symposium (International) on Combustion, 833-843, The Combustion Institute, Pittsburgh. [2] Beer, J .M. (1978) Phenomenological models for flames in furnaces. In Proceedings of the US DoE }Vorkshop on 1vfodeling of Combustion in Practical Systems. [3] Salvi, G. and Payne, R. (1980) Investigation into the scaling of combustion systems. IFRF Doc. F 31/a/5, International Flame Research Foundation, IJmuiden, The Netherlands. [4] Lawn, C.J., Cunningham, A.T.S., Street, R.J., Matthews, K.J., Sargent, M., and Gordrige, A.M. (1987) The combustion of heavy fuel oils. In Lawn, C.J., editor, Principles of Combustion Engineering for Boilers, chapter 2. Academic Press, London, U.K. [5] Smart, J.P. (1992) On the Effect of Burner Scale and Coal Quality on Low-NOx Burner Performance. PhD thesis, University of London, London, U.K. [6] Fricker, N., van Heyden, L., and NIichelfelder, S. (1971) Investigation into the combustion of natural gas in multiple burner systems. IFRF Doc. F 38/a/5, International Flame Research Foundation, IJmuiden, The Netherlands. [7] Weber, R., Driscoll, J.F., Dahm, W.J.A., and Waibel, R.T. (1993) Scaling characteristics of aerodynamics and low-NOx properties of industrial natural gas burners. The SCALING 400 study. Part I: Test plan. GRI Topical Report 93/0227, Gas Research Institute, Chicago. [8] Driscoll, J .F., Dahm, W.J .A., and Wu, M.-S. (1993) Scaling characteristics of aerodynamics and low-NOx properties of industrial natural gas burners. The SCALING 400 study. Part III: The 30 kW Test results. GRI Topical Report 93/0478, Gas Research Institute, Chicago. [9] Dahm, W.J.A., Driscoll, J.F., and Hsieh, A. (1995) Scaling characteristics of aerodynamics and low-NOx properties of industrial natural gas burners. The SCALING 400 study. Part VII: The 300 k\V Test results. GRI Topical Report, Gas Research Institute, Chicago. [10] Sayre, A., Dugue, J., and Weber, R. (1995) Scaling characteristics of aerodynamics and low-NOx properties of industrial natural gas burners. The SCALING 400 study. Part VI: The 1.3 NIW Test results. GRI Topical Report, Gas Research Institute, Chicago. [11] Bertolo, M., Sayre, A., Dugue, J., and \Veber, R. (1994) Scaling characteristics of aerodynamics and low-NOx properties of industrial natural gas burners. The SCALING 400 study. Part V: The 4 MW Test results. GRI Topical Report, Gas Research Institute, Chicago. [12] Sayre, A., Dugue, J., and Weber, R. (1993) Scaling characteristics of aerodynamics and low-NOx properties of industrial natural gas burners. The SCALING 400 study. Part II: The 12 MvV Test results. GRI Topical Report 93/0079, Gas Research Institute, Chicago. [13] [14] Sayre, A., Lallement, N., Dugue, J., and \Neber, R. (1994) Scaling characteristics of aerodynamics and low-NOx properties of industrial natural gas burners. The SCALING 400 study. Part IV: The 300 kvV BERL Test results. GRI Topical Report, Gas Research Institute, Chicago. Bowman, C.T. (1992) Control of combustion-generated nitrogen oxide emissions: technology driven by regulation. In P~oceedinRs of th~ 24th Symposium (International) on Combustion, 859-878, The CombustIOn InstItute, PIttsburgh . [15] Turns, S.R. (1995) Understanding NOx formation in nonpremixed flames: experiments and modeling. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 21(5):361-385. [16] Chen, C.J., and Rodi, vy. (1980)_ Vertical Turbulent Buo..yant Jets - A Review of Experi- : -mental Data. Perga.mon Press, Oxford, U.K. _ . . 21
Setname	uu_afrc
ID	12403
Reference URL	https://collections.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6377cbj/12403