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TitleCreatorDescriptionSubject
176 Horizontal Right Optokinetic NystagmusAnat Bachar Zipori, MD; Nasrin Najm-Tehrani, FRCS Ed (Ophth), FRCSCVisual depiction of the horizontal OKN drum test. The hand-held "optokinetic" drums or tapes that are used to elicit smooth movements primarily test the pursuit system. This video supplements Paediatric Neuro-ophthalmology: Visual Acuity Assessment Strategies: https://collections.lib.utah.edu/ark:/...Horizontal Right Optokinetic Nystagmus; OKN Drum Test
177 Selective Saccadic Palsy After Cardiac SurgeryNilan D. Schnure, MD; Ali G. Hamedani, MD, MHS; Grant T. Liu, MDA unique gaze palsy selectively affecting saccades while sparing smooth pursuit, vergence, and vestibular reflex eye movements has been described following uncomplicated cardiac (and especially ascending aortic) surgery . This 69 year-old man reported persistent visual complaints immediately after a...Saccade; Saccadic Palsy; Cardiac Surgery
178 Cranial Nerves: Neuroanatomy Video Lab - Brain DissectionsSuzanne S. Stensaas, PhDThe approach is to learn to associate the cranial nerves with their brainstem level and blood supply. Emphasis is given to the midbrain (3, 4), pons (5, 6, 7, 8), medulla (9, 10, 11, 12) and their most important functions.Cranial Nerves; Brain; Dissection
179 Hypothalamus: Neuroanatomy Video Lab - Brain DissectionsSuzanne S. Stensaas, PhDGross specimens are used to demonstrate the area of the hypothalamus and its relationship to surrounding structures. Both endocrine and autonomic functions are explored using diagrams. Mention is made of the direct hypothalamic response to circulating hormones and other substances such as sodium. Th...Hypothalamus; Brain; Dissection
180 Three Critical Vertical Pathways: Neuroanatomy Video Lab - Brain DissectionsSuzanne S. Stensaas, PhDThere is one motor and two sensory pathways that must be mastered. Pain and temperature from the body travel together and vibration and proprioception travel in another pathway each reaching perception in the cortex. Voluntary motor control starts in the cerebral cortex and connects with a motor neu...Spinothalamic Tract; Dorsal Column-Medical Lemniscus Pathway; Posterior Column; Vertical Pathway; Brain; Dissection
181 The Spinal Cord & Monosynaptic Reflex: Neuroanatomy Video Lab - Brain DissectionsSuzanne S. Stensaas, PhDThe spinal cord's relationship to the foramina, discs and spinal nerves is demonstrated on a model. The dura, ganglia and rootlets are shown as well as the gray and white matter in gross sections at different levels. A model of the cord is used to demonstrate and describe the anatomy of a monosynapt...Spinal Cord; Monosynaptic Reflex; Brain; Dissection
182 Limbic System: Neuroanatomy Video Lab - Brain DissectionsSuzanne S. Stensaas, PhDThe decision was made to present a simplified description of a much more complex system using animations to construct a 3D image. Papez circuit is shown on gross specimens with mention of its involvement in memory. The role of the amygdala in fear and the olfactory cortex in temporal lobe epilepsy a...Limbic System; Hippocampus; Brain; Dissection
183 The Most Important Pathway: Motor Control: Neuroanatomy Video Lab - Brain DissectionsSuzanne S. Stensaas, PhDThe origin of the corticospinal tract in the cerebral cortex is traced through gross sections of the hemisphere and brain stem to the spinal cord. Using an animation, the terms upper and lower motor neuron are defined and clinical signs and symptom listed.Corticospinal Tract; Cerebral Cortex; Motor Neuron; Brain; Dissection
184 The Unfixed Spinal Cord: Neuroanatomy Video Lab - Brain DissectionsSuzanne S. Stensaas, PhDThe spinal cord's relationship to the foramina, discs and spinal nerves is demonstrated on a model. The dura, ganglia and rootlets are shown as well as the gray and white matter in gross sections at different levels. A model of the cord is used to demonstrate and describe the anatomy of a monosynapt...Unfixed Spinal Cord; Spinal Cord; Brain; Dissection
185 Olfactory System: Neuroanatomy Video Lab - Brain DissectionsSuzanne S. Stensaas, PhDBeginning with the location of the sensory cells within the skull the axons are traced into the cranial cavity. Demonstration of the olfactory bulb, olfactory tract and it termination in the forebrain and temporal lobe are indicated. Trauma and meningiomas can produce loss of small (anosmia). Degene...Olfactory System; Olfactory Bulb; Anosmia; Brain; Dissection
186 The Meninges: Neuroanatomy Video Lab - Brain DissectionsSuzanne S. Stensaas, PhDThe epidural, subdural and subarachnoid spaces are demonstrated and discussed with respect to trauma and disease. The relationship of the brainstem and cerebellum to the tentorium demonstrates the vulnerability of the brain stem to increased supratentorial pressure and herniation. Arachnoid granulat...Meninges; Brain; Dissection
187 Orientation: The Planes of the Brain: Neuroanatomy Video Lab - Brain DissectionsSuzanne S. Stensaas, PhDTerms such as anterior, posterior, inferior and superior are introduced with respect to the hemispheres as well as the brain stem. Terms such as rostral and caudal or dorsal and ventral can mean different things in different areas. Sections in three planes (frontal, axial, and sagittal) are demonstr...Frontal; Axial; Sagittal; Brain; Dissection
188 The Visual Pathway: Neuroanatomy Video Lab - Brain DissectionsSuzanne S. Stensaas, PhDA brief review of the anatomy of the eye and the photic stimulation of the receptors is followed by a gross exploration of the visual pathway from the optic nerve, chiasm, and tract to the thalamus stressing how the left part of the visual world reaches the right hemisphere. Visual fields are relate...Visual Pathway; Brain; Dissections
189 The Normal Unfixed Brain: Neuroanatomy Video Lab - Brain DissectionsSuzanne S. Stensaas, PhDThe consistency and vulnerability of the brain is demonstrated along with the clear and glistening pia and arachnoid and the tough dura. The cushioning function of the CSF is stressed and the features are pointed out on the ventral surface. The uncus and temporal lobes are normal with arteries free ...Brain; Dissections
190 Control of the Eye Movements: Neuroanatomy Video Lab - Brain DissectionsSuzanne S. Stensaas, PhDDisturbances in eye movements can provide important clues for localization of neurological damage. The role of the frontal eye fields in horizontal gaze is stressed. The need to coordinate cranial nerves on both sides of the brain stem introduces the medial longitudinal fasciculus and its role in co...Medial Longitudinal Fasciculus; Third Cranial Nerve; Sixth Cranial Nerve; Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia; Nystagmus; Brain; Dissection
191 Comparison of the Motor Systems: Neuroanatomy Video Lab - Brain DissectionsSuzanne S. Stensaas, PhDA comparison of the three major motor systems focuses on categorizing motor problems as corticospinal tract, cerebellar, or basal ganglia. It begins with 12 minutes of gross anatomical structures and pathway review followed by clinical video clips demonstrating clinical features of disease of each o...Corticospinal Tract; Cerebellar; Basal Ganglia; Motor Systems; Brain; Dissection
192 Basal Ganglia: Neuroanatomy Video Lab - Brain DissectionsSuzanne S. Stensaas, PhDStructures involved in involuntary movements are shown on models, in animations, and on gross coronal and axial sections. Diagrams show the cortex-to-cortex loop and the nigrostriatal pathway. The direct and indirect pathways are shown. The direct pathway facilitates movement while the indirect path...Basal Ganglia; Involuntary Movements; Brain; Dissection
193 Cortical Localization: Neuroanatomy Video Lab - Brain DissectionsSuzanne S. Stensaas, PhDThe lobes of the brain are defined together with their major functions. The visual field representation in the occipital lobe is explained with a diagram. Speech areas and the major types of aphasia are discussed in the dominant hemisphere and parietal lesions of neglect and spatial orientation are ...Cortical Localization; Brain; Dissections
194 Introduction: Neuroanatomy Video Lab - Brain DissectionsSuzanne S. Stensaas, PhDThe regions and lobes of the brain are identified along with some of the nerves and vessels. The basic functions of the cortex of each lobe are introduced along with principal sulci and gyri. The importance of the left hemisphere for language and the temporal lobe in memory are mentioned along with ...Brain; Dissections
195 Brain Stem & Reflexes: Neuroanatomy Video Lab - Brain DissectionsSuzanne S. Stensaas, PhDThe cranial nerves are reviewed again on a specimen with vessels. Next, landmarks on gross brain stem sections are shown. Stressed are the three reflexes associated with each of the three levels: pupillary, corneal and gag reflexes and their associated cranial nerves. Finally cross sections of myeli...Brain Stem; Reflexes
196 Cerebral Circulation: Neuroanatomy Video Lab - Brain DissectionsSuzanne S. Stensaas, PhDThe major vessels of the anterior and posterior circulation are demonstrated along with the Circle of Willis on both a model and in an animation. The distribution of the three major cerebral arteries is demonstrated along with the concept of a watershed zone. A gross specimen with good vessels is al...Cerebral Circulation; Brain; Dissections
197 Cerebellum: Neuroanatomy Video Lab - Brain DissectionsSuzanne S. Stensaas, PhDThe gross features of the cerebellum are shown. The three peduncles are demonstrated, noting their input and output to and from the cerebellum. Emphasis is given to symptoms of cerebellar disease appearing on the same side of the body. Special emphasis is given to cortical-cerebellar connections, st...Cerebellum; Cortical-Cerebellar Connection; Brain; Dissection
198 Control of the Pupil: Neuroanatomy Video Lab - Brain DissectionsSuzanne S. Stensaas, PhDThrough diagrams, animations and gross specimens the constriction and dilation of the pupil by the autonomic nervous system are described. Both the parasympathetic and sympathetic control are traced and the importance of a constricted pupil, Horner's Syndrome, and temporal lobe (uncal) herniation (d...Brain; Dissections
199 Sensation from the Body: Neuroanatomy Video Lab - Brain DissectionsSuzanne S. Stensaas, PhDSensation consists of various modalities, which tend to travel in one of two pathways. The Anterolateral System also known as the Spinothalamic Tract carries pain and temperature. The Dorsal Column-Medical Lemniscus Pathway carries vibration, joint position, and fine 2-point discrimination. Light or...Spinothalamic Tract; Anterolateral System; Dorsal Column-Medical Lemniscus Pathway; Body Sensation' Brain' Dissection
200 Sensation from the Face: Neuroanatomy Video Lab - Brain DissectionsSuzanne S. Stensaas, PhDSensation from the face travels in one of two pathways both of which eventually converge to form the trigeminothalamic tract that reaches the thalamus. The tract that carries pain and temperature is confusing because it first descends before crossing while the equivalent of Dorsal Column-Medical Lem...Brain; Dissections
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