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TitleCreatorDescriptionSubject
126 Normal AngiogramJustin Gibson, MD; Charles Prestigiacomo, MDExample of a normal diagnostic cerebroangiogram.Angiogram
127 Normal Light Reflex and Relative Afferent Pupillary Defect (RAPD)Marshall Huang, 4th Year Medical StudentA Relative Afferent Pupillary Defect is an examination finding in patients who have an asymmetric pupillary reaction to light when it is shined back and forth between the two eyes. It is most commonly a sign of asymmetric optic nerve disease or damage but can also present in widespread asymmetric r...Light Reflex; RAPD
128 Nystagmus Elicitation TechniquesJorge C. Kattah, MDAn examination of the patient days or weeks after the acute event requires fixation block, and a variety of techniques, known as nystagmus elicitation maneuvers to detect the recent vestibular imbalance.Nystagmus
129 OJS Author TutorialA. RoylanceTutorial for testing new OJS system for reviews of NOVEL submissions.OJS Review System
130 OJS Reviewer TutorialA. RoylanceTutorial for testing new OJS system for reviews of NOVEL submissions.OJS Review System
131 Ocular Lateropulsion Left AICA StrokeJorge C Kattah, MD82 year-old patient with basilar artery stenosis, she developed an acute left AICA stroke. On examination within 24 hours from symptom onset, she had primary gaze, unidirectional, right beat nystagmus and a positive left head impulse test. Brief periods of eyelid closure were associated with a h-...Ocular Lateropulsion; AICA Stroke
132 Ocular NeuromyotoniaRaed Behbehani, MDOcular Neuromytonia is a characterised by by paroxysmal tonic contraction of the extraocular muscles supplied by the oculomotor nerve. It is has been reported after cranial radiation therapy, especially to the sellar-parasellar region and from compressive lesions such tumours or aneurysms. The patho...Ocular Neuromyotania
133 Ocular NeuromyotoniaKhawla Elnour; Amanda Henderson, MDAn overview of complications of uveitis.Uveitis; Neuromyotonia
134 Ocular Neuromyotonia VideoBashaer Aldhahwani, MD; Joshua Pasol, MDA video demonstrates ocular neuromyotonia in the left eye of a patient with a history of cranial radiation of parasellar mass. Ocular neuromyotonia (ONM) is a rare ocular motor disorder characterized by intermittent, tonic spasms of one or more of the extraocular muscles, resulting in strabismus and...Ocular Neuromyotonia
135 Ocular Surface, Cornea, & LensSari Yordi, MDVideo lecture on the anatomy of the ocular surface, cornea, and lens.Ocular Surface; Cornea; Lens
136 Oculocephalic Reflex AnimationSuzanne S. Stensaas, PhD; Quentin RoperAnimation describing the vestibuloocular reflex.Vestibuloocular Reflex; Vestibular Ocular System
137 Oculopalatal TremorRaed Behbehani, MDThis is a usually vertical, pendular nystagmus associated with synchronous rhythmic movement of the palate, developing months after a severe brain stem stroke. The stroke involves the dentato-rubro-olivary tract (Mollaret's triangle). MRI can show hypertrophy of the inferior olivary nucleus in the m...Oculopalatal Tremor
138 Olfactory System: Neuroanatomy Video Lab - Brain DissectionsSuzanne S. Stensaas, PhDBeginning with the location of the sensory cells within the skull the axons are traced into the cranial cavity. Demonstration of the olfactory bulb, olfactory tract and it termination in the forebrain and temporal lobe are indicated. Trauma and meningiomas can produce loss of small (anosmia). Degene...Olfactory System; Olfactory Bulb; Anosmia; Brain; Dissection
139 One and a Half Syndrome Following Resection of a Posterior Fossa Epidermoid CystChristine Xu; Claire Basco, MS, NP-C; Kiarash Shahlaie; Yin Allison LiuThis is a case of One and a Half Syndrome following resection of a posterior fossa epidermoid cyst. A 31-year-old male initially presented with left facial droop and bilateral ptosis, and a "down and out" gaze of the left eye. He underwent imaging and was diagnosed with an epidermoid cyst located in...Abducens Nucleus; Epidermoid Cyst; Extraocular Movements; Gaze Palsy; Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia; Medial Longitudinal Fasciculus; Neurosurgery; One and a Half Syndrome
140 Optic ChiasmYesha Shah, BSA, BBA; Amanda Henderson, MDOverview of the anatomy of the optic chiasm.Optic Chiasm; Anatomy
141 Optic Nerve Sheath FenestrationRaed Behbehani, MDOptic nerve sheath fenestration is performed to manage papilledema causing progressive loss of vision , due to raised intracranial pressure from Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension or Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis. The procedure is usually performed in cases of severe visual field loss or when m...Optic Nerve Sheath Fenestration
142 Optic Neuropathy: A Recipe for BlindnessKarim Kozhaya, MD; Alaa Bou Ghannam, MD; Alfredo Sadun, MD, PhDAn epidemic of blindness and peripheral neuropathy struck Cuba in the early 90s. By the end of 1993, 7% of the population was affected. Most patients were men and presented with sub-acute, painless, bilateral loss of vision. The etiology of the disease pondered local and international scientists, es...Cuban Epidemic Optic Neuropathy; Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy; Mitochondrial Insufficiency; Nutritional Optic Neuropathy; Pale Optic Nerve
143 Optic Tract Syndrome Secondary to Lacunar InfarctionJustin J. Grassmeyer, PhD; Kenan Xiao, MD; Jason T. Helvey, MD; Sachin Kedar, MDLesions of the optic tract produce a characteristic triad of clinical findings: contralateral homonymous hemianopia, contralateral relative afferent pupillary defect, and bilateral optic disc atrophy. This case describes clinical features, radiological findings, and optical imaging characteristics f...Optic Tract Syndrome; Optic Tract; Lacunar Infarction; Homonymous Hemianopia
144 Optical Coherence Tomography AngiographyDavid Zhao; Amanda Henderson, MDVideo presentation covering a thorough overview of Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCTA).Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography; OCTA
145 Orientation: The Planes of the Brain: Neuroanatomy Video Lab - Brain DissectionsSuzanne S. Stensaas, PhDTerms such as anterior, posterior, inferior and superior are introduced with respect to the hemispheres as well as the brain stem. Terms such as rostral and caudal or dorsal and ventral can mean different things in different areas. Sections in three planes (frontal, axial, and sagittal) are demonstr...Frontal; Axial; Sagittal; Brain; Dissection
146 Other Special SituationsJohn Pula, MDIntroduction to examinations in special situations.Exams
147 Overview of Medical Malpractice, Torts, and Tort ReformSarah Jacober; Sean GrattonThis is a brief narrated powerpoint, which serves as an introduction to the basics of medical malpractice. The definition and history of medical malpractice are explored. The relationship between medical malpractice and tort law are explained, and tort reform is introduced.Lawsuit; Malpractice; Medical Malpractice; Medicolegal; Tort Reform; Torts
148 Panoptic OphthalmoscopeAmrita D. Vuppala, MDDemonstration of using the panoptic ophthalmoscope in examinations.Panoptic Ophthalmoscope
149 Parinaud SyndromeRaed Behbehani, MDParinaud syndrome, as called dorsal midbrain syndrome, is due to dorsal midbrain lesions from compression (e.g., a tumor), demyelination, or ischemia. The syndrome is characterized by limitation of upward gaze, convergence retraction nystagmus, light near dissociation, and lid retraction (Collier's ...Dorsal Mibrain Syndrome; Parinaud's Syndrome
150 Patient Portal: AnisocoriaNagham Al-Zubidi, MDAnisocoria is a medical term for unequal pupil size. Normally our pupils are relatively the same size. While small differences in pupil size are normal and can even come and go (physiologic anisocoria), constant and significant differences in pupil sizes may be a sign of damage to the brain or the n...Anisocoria; Horner Syndrome; 3rd Cranial Nerve Palsy; Adie Tonic Pupil
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