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101 Paroxysmal Ocular Tilt Reaction𝗢𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗗𝗲𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: This is a 60-year-old woman who 2 years prior experienced a left sided hypertensive hemorrhagic stroke, resulting in right hemiparesis, dysarthria and vertical diplopia. The initial vertical diplopia resolved completely a...Image/MovingImage
102 Pendular Nystagmus and Ocular Motor Signs in MS𝗢𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗗𝗲𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: This is a 30-year-old man with a 15 year history of multiple sclerosis. For the last 12 months, he experienced horizontal oscillopsia. On examination, there were ocular motor abnormalities including gaze-evoked nystagmus,...Image/MovingImage
103 Pendular Nystagmus and Vision LossThree patients are presented here, each with poor vision (counting fingers or worse) related to retinitis pigmentosa in one patient (Usher's syndrome) and optic neuropathy in two patients, each of whom developed pendular nystagmus after vision loss developed. Visually mediated movements normally pre...Image/MovingImage
104 Pendular, Gaze-Evoked and Abducting Nystagmus in MSThis is a 40-year-old woman with a history of multiple sclerosis who presented for oscillopsia. On examination, she had bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia (INO-adduction lag OU and abducting nystagmus OU), with a corresponding exotropia that increased in right and left gaze. She also had horiz...Image/MovingImage
105 Periodic Alternating Nystagmus Due to Nodulus StrokeThis is a 70-year-old woman who experienced the acute onset of vertigo and imbalance. MRI demonstrated a diffusion-weighted imaging hyperintensity involving the nodulus (with corresponding ADC hypointensity) consistent with an acute stroke. On examination several weeks after the stroke, periodic alt...Image/MovingImage
106 Periodic Alternating Nystagmus Due to Nodulus Stroke (Figure 1)This is a 70-year-old woman who experienced the acute onset of vertigo and imbalance. MRI demonstrated a diffusion-weighted imaging hyperintensity involving the nodulus (with corresponding ADC hypointensity) consistent with an acute stroke. On examination several weeks after the stroke, periodic alt...Image
107 Periodic Alternating Nystagmus Due to Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 6𝗢𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗗𝗲𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: This 50-yo-man complained of imbalance for several years and more recently oscillopsia. On examination, there was saccadic pursuit and VOR suppression in addition to gaze-evoked nystagmus with rebound, raising suspicion f...Image/MovingImage
108 Periodic Alternating Nystagmus and Central Head-Shaking Nystagmus from Nodulus Injury𝗢𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗗𝗲𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: This is a 35-year-old man who suffered a gunshot wound to his cerebellum. When he regained consciousness days later, he experienced oscillopsia due to periodic alternating nystagmus (PAN). He was started on baclofen 10 mg...Image/MovingImage
109 Periodic Alternating Nystagmus and Perverted Head-shaking Nystagmus in Cerebellar Degeneration𝗢𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗗𝗲𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: This is a 60-yo-woman with several years of worsening imbalance, diplopia (hers was actually unrelated to cerebellar pathology [although she did have an esotropia greater at distance that was cerebellar in origin] and due...Image/MovingImage
110 Peripheral (Vestibular) and Central (Gaze-Evoked) Patterns of Nystagmus in a Single PatientA 55-year-old man experienced episodic vertigo and was diagnosed with Meniere's disease affecting the left ear (based on audiograms and his clinical course) about 1 year prior to presentation. About 6 months prior to presentation, intratympanic (IT) gentamicin was injected into the left ear, at whic...Image/MovingImage
111 Physiologic End Point NystagmusThis is a normal subject with end point nystagmus in lateral gaze. Features that favor physiologic (normal) end point nystagmus (EPN) rather than pathologic gaze-evoked nystagmus include: only present in far lateral gaze (at close to 100% of the normal range of ocular movements); resolves when the v...Image/MovingImage
112 Pontine Hemorrhage Causing Oculopalatal Tremor and Multiple Cranial NeuropathiesThis is a 45-yo-woman who had a dorsal pontine cavernoma that bled 2 years prior to this video. Symptoms included diplopia and oscillopsia. On examination, she had left>right facial palsies (upper and lower face from involvement of the nucleus/fascicle - i.e., lower motor neuron palsies) and sixth n...Image/MovingImage
113 Positional Downbeat Nystagmus Mimicking Anterior Canal BPPVAlthough positional downbeat nystagmus (pDBN) can indicate the rare anterior canal variant of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, central mimics are common causes of pDBN. pDBN may be seen in multiple system atrophy (MSA), or seen with posterior fossa lesions, with a common example being a stroke ...Image/MovingImage
114 Positional Nystagmus During an Attack of Vestibular Migraine𝗢𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗗𝗲𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: A 50-year-old woman presented to clinic after experiencing multiple episodes of hours-long vertigo attacks that were associated with headache, photophobia and phonophobia. She had a history of motion sickness and migraine...Image/MovingImage
115 Posterior Canal BPPV Pre- and Post-Epley Maneuver𝗢𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗗𝗲𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: This is a patient with typical right posterior canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), which was provoked by the Dix-Hallpike maneuver. When the patient was moved into the right Dix-Hallpike maneuver, after a b...Image/MovingImage
116 Posterior Canal BPPV Treated with Semont ManeuverThis is a patient with left posterior canal (PC) benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), and upbeat-torsional (towards the left ear) nystagmus was provoked by left Dix-Hallpike maneuver and left side-lying maneuver. This video demonstrates treatment of her left PC BPPV with the Semont maneuver....Image/MovingImage
117 Posterior Canal BPPV with Fixation and with Fixation RemovedThis is a 60-yo-woman with positional vertigo. In the right Dix-Hallpike position with fixation removed, there was clear upbeat-torsional nystagmus (towards the lowermost right ear) which led to the diagnosis of right posterior canal BPPV. In right Dix-Hallpike with fixation there was mainly torsion...Image/MovingImage
118 Provocative Maneuvers (Removal of Fixation, Vibration, Head-Shaking) to Accentuate Peripheral Vestibular Nystagmus)𝗢𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗗𝗲𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: With an acute destructive process like vestibular neuritis that causes significant unilateral vestibular loss, spontaneous nystagmus is always present. However, over days to months, spontaneous nystagmus should resolve co...Image/MovingImage
119 Pseudo-Spontaneous Nystagmus and Bow and Lean Test in Horizontal Canal BPPV𝗢𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗗𝗲𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻:This is a 70-year-old woman presenting to the Emergency Department with positional vertigo that was determined to be due to the apogeotropic variant of right horizontal canal (HC) benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV...Image/MovingImage
120 Range of Eye Movements and Evaluation for Nystagmus𝗢𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗗𝗲𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: Range: Assesses for motility deficit due to an ocular motor palsy, particularly if a posterior fossa localization is being considered; Nystagmus: Spontaneous nystagmus may or may not be noted and gaze-evoked nystagmus is ...Image/MovingImage
121 Rebound NystagmusThis is a 50-yo-man who presented for dizziness and imbalance. His exam demonstrated choppy smooth pursuit and VOR suppression as well as mild gait ataxia. There was mild right-beating nystagmus in right gaze and left-beating nystagmus in left gaze without vertical gaze-evoked nystagmus. Occasionall...Image/MovingImage
122 Reversal of Vertical Nystagmus with Convergence in Anti-DPPX Encephalitis𝗢𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗗𝗲𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: This is a man who initially presented with spontaneous upbeat and torsional nystagmus, which led to the diagnosis of anti-DPPX encephalitis (for further details on this patient's course and for a video of his nystagmus, s...Image/MovingImage
123 Right Dix Hallpike TestThe Dix-Hallpike tests for benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV). A test is positive when a patient reports vertigo, dizziness, or sensation of movement or falling with nystagmus present. When the head is in this position, it allows the posterior canal to be aligned with the gravitational vect...Text
124 Right Dix Hallpike Test (Video)The Dix-Hallpike tests for benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV). A test is positive when a patient reports vertigo, dizziness, or sensation of movement or falling with nystagmus present. When the head is in this position, it allows the posterior canal to be aligned with the gravitational vect...Image/MovingImage
125 Right Half Hallpike TestThe Half Hallpike Test compliments the Dix Hallpike Test and is traditionally used to assist with the diagnosis of posterior canal-benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BC-BPPV), cupulolithiasis, as it may produce a greater degree of deflection under the action of gravity without latency when the ot...Text
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