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101 Bruns Nystagmus Due to a Cerebellopontine Angle Tumor𝗢𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗗𝗲𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: This is a 15-yo-girl who experienced headache and imbalance leading to an MRI which showed a left sided cerebellopontine angle (CPA) tumor. Because of involvement of the left brainstem/cerebellum (e.g., dysfunction of the...Image/MovingImage
102 Ocular Motor Signs in SCA 6𝗢𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗗𝗲𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: This is a 45-yo-man who was recently diagnosed with SCA 6. There was no clear spontaneous downbeat nystagmus (DBN) in primary gaze, although DBN could clearly be provoked by convergence. Other ocular motor features includ...Image/MovingImage
103 Congenital Nystagmus𝗢𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗗𝗲𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: Presented here are two patients with congenital nystagmus demonstrating characteristic features including: mixed pendular and jerk nystagmus (usually gaze-evoked) waveforms, stays horizontal even in vertical gaze, suppres...Image/MovingImage
104 Bilateral INOs and Partial 3rd Nerve PalsiesThis is a 45-year-old man with progressive ptosis and ophthalmoparesis. 10 years prior to presentation, he experienced diplopia and had a hyperintense lesion involving the medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF) per report. Over time, he developed bilateral adduction paresis, ptosis and upgaze paresis ...Image/MovingImage
105 Eye Closure and Oculopalatal Tremor𝗢𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗗𝗲𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: This patient suffered a traumatic brain injury with brainstem injury resulting in damage to Mollaret's triangle and palatal tremor. Inferior olivary hypertrophy was noted on her MRI, although no vertical and/or torsional ...Image/MovingImage
106 Pontine Hemorrhage Causing Oculopalatal Tremor and Multiple Cranial NeuropathiesThis is a 45-yo-woman who had a dorsal pontine cavernoma that bled 2 years prior to this video. Symptoms included diplopia and oscillopsia. On examination, she had left>right facial palsies (upper and lower face from involvement of the nucleus/fascicle - i.e., lower motor neuron palsies) and sixth n...Image/MovingImage
107 Post-infectious Ocular Flutter and Myoclonus Syndrome𝗢𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗗𝗲𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: This is a 35-yo-woman presenting with oscillopsia following a viral illness. She described being easily startled, with "shakiness" of the head/neck and body. She had myoclonus and ocular flutter, with the latter evident w...Image/MovingImage
108 Convergence Insufficiency and Square Wave Jerks in PSP𝗢𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗗𝗲𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: This is a 70-yo-woman with progressive supranuclear palsy with complaints of difficulty reading. Her husband noticed that she would frequently close one eye when attempting to read, and words were not clear on the page, a...Image/MovingImage
109 Ocular Motor Signs in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP)𝗢𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗗𝗲𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: This is a 65-yo-woman complaining of imbalance and double vision. She had significant convergence insufficiency (and would close her right eye with near viewing), providing an explanation for her diplopia. Convergence ins...Image/MovingImage
110 Saccadic Intrusions with an Intersaccadic Interval𝗢𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗗𝗲𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: Seen here are patients with saccadic intrusions that have preserved intersaccadic intervals. Although square wave jerks (SWJ) are present in everyone to some degree at times, when prominent or when they interfere with vis...Image/MovingImage
111 Examples of Patients with Saccadic Intrusions (Square Wave Jerks)Seen here are patients with saccadic intrusions that do have an intersaccadic interval. Square wave jerks are commonly seen in degenerative conditions, mainly involving the posterior fossa (e.g., cerebellar degeneration) and basal ganglia (e.g., progressive supranuclear palsy).Image/MovingImage
112 Opsoclonus Provoked by Convergence𝗢𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗗𝗲𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: This is a 40-yo-man with post-infectious opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. Opsoclonus was intermittently evident in primary position, but was consistently provoked (and intensified) by convergence. Occasionally, opsoclonus (...Image/MovingImage
113 Chronic Progressive External Ophthalmoplegia (CPEO) and Cerebellar SignsThis is a 60-yo-woman who initially presented with imbalance and ophthalmoparesis. Initially, there was mild horizontal gaze limitation with mild gaze-evoked nystagmus and slow saccades, and over the years, gait ataxia and dysarthria (mainly a scanning quality to her speech) developed, and her ophth...Image/MovingImage
114 + HIT, + Skew, Unidirectional Nystagmus: Central Acute Vestibular Syndrome Due to Wallenberg SyndromeThis is a 45-year-old woman who presented to the ED with acute prolonged vertigo and vertical diplopia. She was seen as an outpatient 1 month after her ED visit, and double vision and balance were improving by that time. Her HINTS testing showed the following (seen in the video): 1) Head Impulse - A...Image/MovingImage
115 Periodic Alternating Nystagmus and Perverted Head-shaking Nystagmus in Cerebellar Degeneration𝗢𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗗𝗲𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: This is a 60-yo-woman with several years of worsening imbalance, diplopia (hers was actually unrelated to cerebellar pathology [although she did have an esotropia greater at distance that was cerebellar in origin] and due...Image/MovingImage
116 Paraneoplastic Downbeat Nystagmus and Cerebellar Ataxia Due to Small Cell Lung Carcinoma𝗢𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗗𝗲𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: This is a 61-year-old woman (non-smoker) who developed a gait disorder, dizziness and oscillopsia that was progressive over 2 months. Exam demonstrated spontaneous downbeat nystagmus with side pocket nystagmus in lateral ...Image/MovingImage
117 Abnormal Visually-Enhanced VOR in Cerebellar Ataxia, Neuropathy, Vestibular Areflexia Syndrome (CANVAS)A 67 year old woman presented with 1 year of progressive numbness, gait instability, and oscillopsia when walking or with head movements. Examination showed excessive square-wave jerks, bilateral horizontal gaze-evoked nystagmus, impairment of the visually-enhanced vestibular ocular reflex (vVOR - s...Image/MovingImage
118 Nystagmus Due to Paraneoplastic (Anti-Yo) Brainstem and Cerebellar Degeneration𝗢𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗗𝗲𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: This is a 40-yo-woman with anti-Yo antibody associated with ovarian cancer. Initial symptoms 2.5 years prior (to this video) included imbalance and dysarthria. She complained of oscillopsia which was due to her upbeat nys...Image/MovingImage
119 Ocular Bobbing Due to Hepatic Encephalopathy𝗢𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗗𝗲𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: This is a 55-year-old man presented with hepatic encephalopathy, and found to have ocular bobbing. Head CT did not show any acute changes. Ocular bobbing almost always localizes to the pons, although cerebellar pathology ...Image/MovingImage
120 Voluntary Ocular Flutter𝗢𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗗𝗲𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: This is a 45-yo-man with intermittent complaints of horizontal oscillopsia for 1 year. On examination, all classes of eye movements were normal, and neurologic examination was normal. MRI of the brain had been performed p...Image/MovingImage
121 Ocular Motor & Vestibular Features of the MLF Syndrome𝗢𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗗𝗲𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: This 61-year-old woman with HTN and DM presented for evaluation of acute onset diagonal diplopia. Adduction OS was about 60% of normal while medialization OS improved with convergence. In right gaze, dissociated abducti...Image/MovingImage
122 Bilateral 6th Nerve Palsies Due to Idiopathic Intracranial HypertensionThis is a 25-year-old woman who presented with diplopia and blurry vision. On exam, she was found to have papilledema and bilateral 6th nerve palsies. Her opening pressure was >40 cm of water with a normal CSF analysis, and neuroimaging was unremarkable aside from subtle findings that have been asso...Image/MovingImage
123 Unilateral 3rd, 4th, and 6th Nerve Palsies Due to Cavernous Sinus Meningioma𝗢𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗗𝗲𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: This is a 50-year-old woman presenting with a partial 3rd nerve palsy (mild pupil involvement), partial 6th nerve palsy, and no clear incyclotorsion with downgaze, suggestive of additional 4th nerve palsy, all on the left...Image/MovingImage
124 One-and-a-Half Syndrome Due to Pontine HemorrhageThis is a 50-year-old woman who, while exercising in the gym, suddenly experienced vertigo, nausea, vomiting, tingling in the left arm, and diplopia. MRI demonstrated a brainstem hemorrhage that involved the right greater than left pons. Examination demonstrated a right horizontal gaze palsy due to ...Image/MovingImage
125 Leukemic Leptomeningeal Carcinomatosis Causing 4th and 6th Nerve Palsies𝗢𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗗𝗲𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: This is a 55-yo-man with CML that recurred as AML. Diagonal diplopia developed, and on examination he was found to have a partial right 6th nerve palsy, in addition to a left hypertropia that increased in right gaze, down...Image/MovingImage
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