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TitleDescriptionType
76 Buried Drusen7 year old boy with pseudo papilledema from buried drusen. Note the lumpy contour of the disc margin. Also note the surrounding ring-like light reflex that is optically perfect and indicates absence of edema spreading onto the surrounding retina. Anatomy: Optic disc. Pathology: Drusen of the optic d...Image
77 Buried DrusenLeft disc has a blurred lumpy margin. Retinal vessels are not obscured in the disc margin blur, therefore no edema is present. This is an example of a difficult blurred disc, the nature of which is clarified by the presence of a clear cut disk anomoly in the fellow eye. 8 year old girl. PP_15a has b...Image
78 Buried DrusenBuried drusen; PP_13a: Right eye. Note lumpy disc margin, especially temporally. Also note absence of optic cup. Excellent example of pseudo papilledema with buried drusen. Anatomy: Optic disc. Pathology: Drusen of the optic disc. Disease/Diagnosis: Drusen of the optic disc. Clinical notes: Patient ...Image
79 Buried DrusenBuried drusen. Left eye. Note lumpy disc margin, especially temporally. Also note absence of optic cup. Excellent example of pseudo papilledema with buried drusen. Pair with PP_13a. Anatomy: Optic disc. Pathology: Drusen of the optic disc. Disease/Diagnosis: Drusen of the optic disc. Clinical notes...Image
80 Crowded Disc (Family)Right eye. PP3 a & b: sister; PP4 a & b brother; Congenital disc margin blurring with crowded discs. Excellent example of pseudo papilledema. Anatomy: Optic disc. Pathology: Normal variant of the optic disc. Disease/Diagnosis: Normal variant of the optic disc. Crowded disc. Clinical: Appearance is ...Image
81 Crowded Disc (Family)Right eye. PP3 a & b: sister; PP4 a & b brother; Congenital disc margin blurring with crowded discs. Excellent example of pseudo papilledema that caused serious diagnostic confusion which led to a pneumoencephalogram (PEG) and arteriogram. Anatomy: Optic disc. Pathology: Normal variation of the opt...Image
82 Crowded Disc (Family)Left eye. PP3 a & a: sister; PP4 a & b brother; Congenital disc margin blurring with crowded discs. Excellent example of pseudo papilledema that caused serious diagnostic confusion which led to a pneumoencephalogram (PEG) and arteriogram. Anatomy: Optic disc. Pathology: Normal variation of the opti...Image
83 Crowded Disc (Family)Left eye. PP3 a & b: sister; PP4 a & b brother; Congenital disc margin blurring with crowded discs. Excellent example of pseudo papilledema. Anatomy: Optic disc. Pathology: Normal variation of the optic disc. Disease/Diagnosis: Normal variation of the optic disc. Crowded disc. Clinical: Appearance ...Image
84 H01 PanhypoplasiaExtreme hypoplasia. Very small disc. Peri-papillary halo (choroidal). Right eye. Note: normal vessels. Same patient as H_2. Anatomy: Optic disc. Pathology: Hypoplasia of the optic nerve. Disease/ Diagnosis: Hypoplasia. Clinical: Blind child.Image
85 H02 PanhypoplasiaExtreme hypoplasia. Very small disc. Peri-papillary halo (choroidal). Left eye. Note: normal vessels. Same patient as H_1. Anatomy: Optic disc. Pathology: Hypoplasia of the optic nerve. Disease/ Diagnosis: Hypoplasia. Clinical: Blind child.Image
86 H03 PanhypoplasiaExtreme hypoplasia. Note absence of retinal nerve fiber layer. Left eye. Girl. Same patient as H_4. Anatomy: Optic disc. Pathology: Hypoplasia of the optic nerve. Disease/ Diagnosis: Hypoplasia. Clinical: Left eye. Girl.Image
87 Hemorrhagic Complication of DrusenPP31a, left and PP31, right taken in April. PP31c: left taken after an interval of 2 months. Hemorrhage. Hemorrhagic complications of drusen. 15 year old boy. Anatomy: Optic disc. Pathology: Drusen of the optic disc. Disease/Diagnosis: Drusen of the optic disc. Clinical: Patient complained of blurre...Image
88 Hemorrhagic Complication of DrusenPP31a, left and PP31, right taken in April. PP31c: left taken after an interval of 2 months. Hemorrhage. Hemorrhagic complications of drusen. 15 year old boy. Anatomy: Optic disc. Pathology: Drusen of the optic disc. Disease/Diagnosis: Drusen of the optic disc. Clinical: Hemorrhage in drusen disc.Image
89 Hemorrhagic Complication of DrusenPP31a, left and PP31, right taken in April. PP31c: left taken after an interval of 2 months. Hemorrhage. Hemorrhagic complications of drusen. 15 year old boy. Anatomy: Optic disc. Pathology: Drusen of the optic disc. Disease/Diagnosis: Drusen of the optic disc. Clinical: Drusen.Image
90 Macular Cherry Red Spots in Niemann-Pick diseaseClose up view of macular cherry red spots in Niemann-Pick disease. Same patient as R2A2a. Anatomy: Retina. Pathology: Retinal ganglion cell accumulation of lipid. Disease/Diagnosis: Niemann-Pick disease. Clinical: Severe mental retardation and blindness. Fatal.Image
91 Macular Cherry Red Spots in Niemann-Pick diseaseMacular cherry red spots in Niemann-Pick disease. Same patient as R2A2b. Anatomy: Retina. Pathology: Retinal ganglion cell accumulation of lipid. Disease/Diagnosis: Niemann-Pick disease. Clinical: Severe mental retardation and blindness. Fatal.Image
92 Multifocal ChoroidopathyMultifocal choroidopathy in a patient with uveitis. Anatomy: Retina. Disease/Diagnosis: Uveitis, Multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy. Clinical: Visual loss.Image
93 PP8b Crowded Disc with Significant Nasal Disc BlurringCongenital nasal disc blurring. Myopic eyes. Thai girl patient. One wonders about vitreal adherence to the disc. PP 8b left eye. Pair with PP 8a right eye. Anatomy: Optic disc. Pathology: Normal variation of the optic disc. Disease/ Diagnosis: Normal variation of the optic disc. Congenital blurred d...Image
94 Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum (PXE)Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) Lateral view of right internal carotid angiogram showing complete occlusion of the subcranial internal carotid artery with collateral formation (so called 'rete mirabile"") filling the supraclinoid carotid artery. Also shows evidence of the carotid cavernous fistula e...Image
95 R3C4 Calcific Retinal EmboliCalcific retinal emboli. This fundus shows two calcific emboli in the retinal arteriole tree. The embolus at the end of the disc has caused a retinal infarction and the embolus above the optic disc has also caused a retinal infarction. Note that these white emboli stick in the retinal vessel in mids...Image
96 R3C5 Calcific Retinal EmboliCalcific retinal emboli. There is a round gray embolus occluding the superior temporal branch of the retinal artery. Note that the blood column is absent in the superior temporal retinal artery for a short distance off of the disc margin. Note that two collateral branches now fill the distal tempora...Image
97 R3C9 Nettleship Collaterals: a Result of Calcific Embolization of the Central Retinal ArteryResult of calcific embolization of the central retinal artery. The embolus itself can not be seen within the tissue of the optic disc. Numerous chorio-retino collaterals are filling the branches of a central retinal artery. Such an eye is always blind. These collaterals indicate that the patient pro...Image
98 Slow Flow (Chronic Hypoxic) RetinopathyExamples of Slow flow (chronic hypoxic) retinopathy showing produced by a carotid-cavernous sinus fistula. Arteriole pressure was low in the retina and venous pressure was elevated. Note the characteristic dot and blot hemorrhages in the black and white photo (R3B2b). Anatomy: Retina. Pathology: Car...Image
99 Slow Flow (Chronic Hypoxic) RetinopathyExamples of Slow flow (chronic hypoxic) retinopathy produced by a carotid-cavernous sinus fistula. Arteriole pressure was low in the retina and venous pressure was elevated. Note the characteristic dot and blot hemorrhages in this black and white photo. Anatomy: Retina. Pathology: carotid-cavernous ...Image
100 Unilateral Buried DrusenPP20a: Right eye. Normal disc without optic cup.PP20b: Left eye. Buried drusen nasally and exposed drusen at the temporal margin. Boy. Anatomy: Optic disc. Pathology: Drusen of the optic disc. Disease/Diagnosis: Drusen of the optic disc. Clinical: Normally functioning eye with drusen. Right eye nor...Image
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