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26 Rogers, Alan R.; Jorde, Lynn B.Origins and affinities of modern humans: a comparison of mitochondrial and nuclear genetic dataTo test hypotheses about the origin of modern humans, we analyzed mtDNA sequences, 30 nuclear restriction-site polymorphisms (RSPs), and 30 tetranucleotide short tandem repeat (STR) polymorphisms in 243 Africans, Asians, and Europeans. An evolutionary tree based on mtDNA displays deep African branch...Base Sequence; Variation (Genetics); Base Sequence1995
27 Capecchi, Mario R.Developmental defects of the ear, cranial nerves and hindbrain resulting from targeted disruption of the mouse homeobox gene Hox-1.6.Gene targeting in mouse embryo-derived stem cells has been used to generate mice with a disruption in the homeobox gene Hox-1.6. Mice heterozygous at the Hox-1.6 locus appear normal, whereas Hox-1.6-/Hox-1.6- mice die at or shortly after birth. These homozygotes exhibit profound defects in the forma...Chromosome Mapping; Genetic Vectors; Mice, Inbred C57BL2002-06-27
28 Capecchi, Mario R.Regionally restricted developmental defects resulting from targeted disruption of the mouse homeobox gene hox-1.5.Gene targeting in mouse embryo-derived stem cells has been used to disrupt the homeobox gene hox-1.5. Mice heterozygous at the hox-1.5 locus appear normal, whereas hox-1.5-/hox-1.5- mice die at or shortly after birth. These homozygotes are athymic, aparathyroid, have reduced thyroid and submaxillary...Abnormalities, Multiple; Animals, Newborn; Arteries; Bone and Bones; Cartilage; Esophagus; Gene Expression; Heart Defects, Congenital; Organ Specificity; Parathyroid Glands; Pharynx; Thymus Gland; Thyroid Gland; Trachea1991-04-11
29 Capecchi, Mario R.Measurement of suppressor transfer RNA activity.Transfer RNA (tRNA) suppression of nonsense mutations in prokaryotic systems has been widely used to study the structure and function of different prokaryotic genes. Through genetic engineering techniques, it is now possible to introduce suppressor (Su+) tRNA molecules into mammalian cells. A quanti...Animals; Cells, Cultured; Eukaryotic Cells; Genes, Viral; Mice; Orthomyxoviridae; Peptide Chain Termination, Translational; Protein Biosynthesis1983-08-26
30 Hansen, Mark S.; Coffin, Cheryl M.; Capecchi, Mario R.Pax3:Fkhr interferes with embryonic Pax3 and Pax7 function: implications for alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma cell of origin.To investigate the role of the translocation-associated gene Pax3:Fkhr in alveolar rhabdomyosarcomas, we generated a Cre-mediated conditional knock-in of Pax3:Fkhr into the mouse Pax3 locus. Exploring embryonic tumor cell origins, we replaced a Pax3 allele with Pax3:Fkhr throughout its expression do...Neuroprogenitor; Embryogenesis2004-11-01
31 Capecchi, Mario R.Male fertility is dependent on dipeptidase activity of testis ACE.Testis angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) is an isozyme exclusively expressed by developing sperm. This protein has only a single catalytic domain containing the HEXXH consensus-site motif typical of zinc metallopeptidases. The exact role of testis ACE is unknown, but male mice lacking the protein ...Amino Acid Motifs; Blotting, Western; Catalytic Domain; Comparative Study; Isoenzymes; Protein Structure, Tertiary2005-11-11
32 Capecchi, Mario R.Choose your target.The technology of modifying endogenous genes has recently been extended from mice to Drosophila and sheep. Concurrently, genomic sequencing is uncovering thousands of previously uncharacterized genes. Armed with today's technologies, what are our best options for delineating the functions of these n...Animals; Mice; Sheep2000-09-13
33 Gesteland, Raymond F.; Wills, Norma M.; Atkins, John F.Comparative studies of frameshifting and nonframeshifting RNA pseudoknots: a mutational and NMR investigation of pseudoknots derived from the bacteriophage T2 gene 32 mRNA and the retroviral gag-pro frameshift siteMutational and NMR methods were used to investigate features of sequence, structure, and dynamics that are associated with the ability of a pseudoknot to stimulate a "1 frameshift. In vitro frameshift assays were performed on retroviral gag-pro frameshift-stimulating pseudoknots and their derivati...Frameshifting; NMR; Pseudoknot; Retrovirus2002
34 Thomas, Kirk R.; Capecchi, Mario R.Maintenance of functional equivalence during paralogous Hox gene evolution.Biological diversity is driven mainly by gene duplication followed by mutation and selection. This divergence in either regulatory or protein-coding sequences can result in quite different biological functions for even closely related genes. This concept is exemplified by the mammalian Hox gene comp...Alleles; Animals; Cervical Vertebrae; Embryo; Genetic Complementation Test; Homeodomain Proteins; Homozygote; Mice2000-02-10
35 Capecchi, Mario R.Characterization of three proteins involved in polypeptide chain termination.At each stage of elongation, the growing polypeptide chain is bound to the ribosome-messenger RNA complex through the transfer RNA of the most recently incorporated amino acid residue. When the chain is complete, the last polypeptide-transfer RNA (tuna) ester linkage is cleaved, releasing the chain ...Anti-Bacterial Agents; Phenylalanine; Stimulation, Chemical1969
36 Thomas, Kirk R.; Capecchi, Mario R.High-fidelity gene targeting in embryonic stem cells by using sequence replacement vectors.Mutations were targeted to the Hprt locus in murine embryonic stem cells by using sequence replacement vectors. When the vector was designed such that the mutated sequences were flanked on both sides by several kilobases of DNA homologous to the target locus, replacement of chromosomal sequences wit...Drug Resistance; Gene Rearrangement; Gentamicins1992-07
37 Capecchi, Mario R.Expression of a microinjected porcine class I major histocompatibility complex gene in transgenic mice.A porcine class I major histocompatibility complex (SLA) gene has been introduced into the genome of a C57BL/10 mouse. This transgenic mouse expressed SLA antigen on its cell surfaces and transmitted the gene to offspring, in which the gene is also expressed. Skin grafts of such transgenic mice were...Genetic Engineering; Graft Rejection; Mice, Inbred C57BL1985-05-03
38 Capecchi, Mario R.Patterns of integration of DNA microinjected into cultured mammalian cells: evidence for homologous recombination between injected plasmid DNA molecules.We examined the fate of DNA microinjected into nuclei of cultured mammalian cells. The sequence composition and the physical form of the vector carrying the selectable gene affected the efficiency of DNA-mediated transformation. Introduction of sequences near the simian virus 40 origin of DNA replic...Base Sequence; Cell Line; Genes, Viral; Genetic Vectors; Mice; Microinjections1982-11
39 Capecchi, Mario R.Critical role of tissue angiotensin-converting enzyme as revealed by gene targeting in miceAngiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) generates the vasoconstrictor angiotensin II, which plays a critical role in maintenance of blood pressure in mammals. Although significant ACE activity is found in plasma, the majority of the enzyme is bound to tissues such as the vascular endothelium. We used ta...Blood pressure; ACE activity; Enzyme1997-03-06
40 Capecchi, Mario R.N-formylmethionyl-sRNA as the initiator of protein synthesis.A bizarre fast about Nterminal groups of bacterial proteins. Instead of a random mixture, that the great majority of N-terminal groups were either methionine or alanine. This finding suggested that methionine and alanine constituted start signals for the initiation of polypeptide chains. Alternative...Electrophoresis; Formates; In Vitro; Methionine1966-01-01
41 Gesteland, Raymond F.; Alam, Steve L.; Nelson, Chad; Felden, Brice; Atkins, John F.Effects of 3'-terminal phosphates in RNA produced by ribozyme cleavageDuring the course of a structural investigation of a selenocysteine insertion element from rat Type 1 iodothyronine 59-deiodinase (D1 SECIS), we wished to prepare milligram quantities of an RNA that comprised the upper stem/loop of this RNA structure (41 nt; Fig+ 1A)+ This stem/loop is a stimul...In vitro runoff transcription; RNA; Trans-acting ribozymes1998
42 Capecchi, Mario R.Introduction: the molecular genetic analysis of mouse developmentThis paper is an introduction of seven different papers presented in "Seminars in developmental biology" on Molecular Genetic Analysis of Mouse Development . The first paper, by Janet Rossant, describes very early mouse development. The second paper, by Frank Conlon and Rosa Beddington provide an i...Embryo Culture Techniques; Genes1995-04
43 Capecchi, Mario R.Detection of targeted GFP-Hox gene fuogenesissions during mouse embry.The ability to use a vital cell marker to study mouse embryogenesis will open new avenues of experimental research. Recently, the use of transgenic mice, containing multiple copies of the jellyfish gene encoding the green fluorescent protein (GFP), has begun to realize this potential. Here, we show ...Chimera; Crosses, Genetic; Gestational Age; Green Fluorescent Proteins; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Phenotype1998-10-27
44 Capecchi, Mario R.; Mansour, Suzanne L.; Thomas, Kirk R.Disruption of the proto-oncogene int-2 in mouse embryo-derived stem cells: a general strategy for targeting mutations to non-selectable genes.Gene targeting--homologous recombination of DNA sequences residing in the chromosome with newly introduced DNA sequences--in mouse embryo-derived stem cells promises to provide a means to generate mice of any desired genotype. We describe a positive nd negative selection procedure that enriches 2,00...Animals; Clone Cells; Restriction Mapping; Stem Cells1988-11-24
45 Gesteland, Raymond F.; Weiss, Robert B.Efficient shine- Dalgarno sequence but not translation is necessary for LacZ mRNA stability in Escherichia coliThe 5' ends of many bacterial transcripts are important in determining mRNA stability. A series of Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence changes showed that the complementarity of the SD sequence to the anti-SD sequence of 16S rRNA correlates with lacZ mRNA stability in Escherichia coli. Several initiation c...Protein Biosynthesis; Ribosomes; Escherichia coli; Shine-Dalgarno Sequence1994
46 Capecchi, Mario R.; Bernstein, Kenneth E.; Thomas, Kirk R.Targeting genes for self-excision in the germ lineA procedure is described that directs the self-induced deletion of DNA sequences as they pass through the male germ line of mice. The testes-specific promoter from the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene was used to drive expression of the Cre-recombinase gene. Cre was linked to the selectable marker...Cre-recombinase; Hoxa3; Chimeric mice1999-06-15
47 Capecchi, Mario R.Polypeptide chain termination in vitro: isolation of a release factor.The growing polypeptide chain remains bound to the ribosome-messenger RNA complex through the sRNA carrying the last amino acid incorporated into the polypeptide chain.' On completion of the polypeptide chain a mechanism must exist for releasing it from the protein-synthesizing machinery. To date, m...Carbon Isotopes; Phenylalanine; Proteins1967-09-01
48 Capecchi, Mario R.Yeast super-suppressors are altered tRNAs capable of translating a nonsense codon in vitro.tRNA isolated from two different yeast super-suppressor strains translates a known nonsense mutation in vitro, whereas tRNA from a closely related nonsuppressing strain does not. Suppression was assayed by translation of RNA isolated from an amber coat mutant of bacteriophage Qbeta (GB11) in a prote...Codon; Escherichia coli; Protein Biosynthesis1975-11
49 Hansen, Mark S.; Healy, Lindsey J.; Johnson, Christopher R.; Capecchi, Mario R.; Keller, Charles; Jones, Greg M.Virtual histology of transgenic mouse embryos for high-throughput phenotyping.A bold new effort to disrupt every gene in the mouse genome necessitates systematic, interdisciplinary approaches to analyzing patterning defects in the mouse embryo. We present a novel, rapid, and inexpensive method for obtaining high-resolution virtual histology for phenotypic assessment of mouse ...Forkhead Transcription Factors; Paired Box Transcription Factors2006
50 Gesteland, Raymond F.; Atkins, John F.; Felden, Brice; McCutcheon, John P.Probing the structure of the Escherichia coli 10Sa RNA (tmRNA)The conformation of the Escherichia coli 10Sa RNA (tmRNA) in solution was investigated using chemical and enzymatic probes. Single- and double-stranded domains were identified by hydrolysis of tmRNA in imidazole buffer and by lead(II)-induced cleavages. Ribonucleases T1 and S1 were used to map unpai...Covariation; Pseudoknot; Structural Probing; 10Sa RNA; tmRNA1997
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