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TitleDescriptionType
276 Upbeat Nystagmus & Ocular Flutter Due to Cerebellar Pilocytic AstrocytomaThis is a 20-year-old woman who was diagnosed with a cerebellar pilocytic astrocytoma at age 10 after presenting with severe headaches and hydrocephalus. She underwent incomplete resection and radiation therapy at that time. She experienced mild vertical oscillopsia in upgaze at baseline, and increa...Image/MovingImage
277 Upbeat Transitioning to Downbeat Nystagmus in Wernicke's EncephalopathyThis is a 30-year-old man with a history of alcohol abuse who presented to the hospital with inability to walk after several weeks of heavy drinking and malnutrition. While in the hospital, he noted that when he would look straight ahead, everything he saw would appear to be bouncing up and down - a...Image/MovingImage
278 Upbeat and Downbeat Nystagmus Due to Anti-VGCC AntibodiesSeen here are two patients who presented with imbalance and vertical oscillopsia, the first with upbeat nystagmus, and the second with downbeat nystagmus. Both patients were found to have voltage-gated calcium channel antibodies in serum without evidence of systemic malignancy. The UBN patient had m...Image/MovingImage
279 Upbeating and Gaze-evoked Nystagmus, V-pattern Esotropia from Bilateral 4th Nerve PalsiesVideo example of a patient with upbeating and gaze-evoked nystagmus, V-pattern esotropia from bilateral 4th nerve palsies.Image/MovingImage
280 Using Video Head Impulse Testing to Unmask Covert Saccades in Compensated Vestibular VeuritisThis is a 30-year-old woman who experienced the acute vestibular syndrome (prolonged vertigo for >24 hours, nausea, unsteadiness, spontaneous nystagmus, head motion intolerance) and was diagnosed with vestibular neuritis. This diagnosis was based on a positive head impulse test to the left (see Figu...Image/MovingImage
281 VOR (Slow and Fast)𝗢𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗗𝗲𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: Slow vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR): Since smooth pursuit and VOR systems are both active, if eye movements are choppy with this maneuver this implies deficits in both pursuit and the vestibular system as in CANVAS; Fast (...Image/MovingImage
282 VOR (Suppression)𝗢𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗗𝗲𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: Deficits in pursuit and vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR)S usually go together, except when the VOR is absent or markedly diminished in which case there is no VOR to suppress, so that VORS seems better than pursuit. This is a...Image/MovingImage
283 VOR SuppressionVOR suppression (VORS): instruct the patient to fix on the camera which they should hold in front of their eyes, while turning their torso slowly in the horizontal plane. The vertical plane can then be assessed by instructing the patient to flex and extend the neck under the same conditions. A demon...Image/MovingImage
284 Valsalva (Closed Glottis)Valsalva (closed glottis or pinched nose): instruct the patient to take a deep breath and ‘bear down' (closed glottis) or take a deep breath and ‘try to pop their ears' (pinched nose). Assess for nystagmus. In superior canal dehiscence, pressure changes may be transmitted to the superior canal, ...Image/MovingImage
285 Vertical Gaze Palsy and Saccadic Intrusions Due to Anti-Ri from Head and Neck CarcinomaA 55-yo- woman was admitted for imbalance and double vision. Three weeks prior to presentation she first noticed swelling on the right side of her face and neck. CT of the head and neck showed right-sided cervical adenopathy and enlarged left retropharyngeal node. Ultrasound- guided biopsy of the n...Image/MovingImage
286 Vertical-Torsional Pendular Nystagmus and Convergence Spasm Due to Anti-MaTa EncephalitisThis is a 50-yo-woman with debilitating oscillopsia due to a high frequency (6 Hz) vertical-torsional pendular (quantitative eye movement recordings were performed) nystagmus. She also had intermittent double vision due to (organic) convergence spasm. Her nystagmus and spasm were thought to be relat...Image/MovingImage
287 Vestibular Neuritis with + Head Impulse Test and Unidirectional NystagmusVestibular neuritis is the most common cause of the acute vestibular syndrome, which is characterized by continuous vertigo and spontaneous nystagmus lasting days. It may be mimicked by central causes, including stroke, but in the hands of subspecialists, the HINTS+ (Head Impulse, Nystagmus, Test o...Image/MovingImage
288 Vestibular Neuritis with a Peripheral Skew Deviation𝗢𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗗𝗲𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: This is a 55-year-old hypertensive man who developed acute onset continuous vertigo and presented to the Emergency Department (ED) after several hours of symptoms. He was noted to have spontaneous nystagmus and had a nor...Image/MovingImage
289 Vestibulocerebellum LectureA lecture on vestibulocerebellum.Image/MovingImage
290 VibrationVibration: instruct the patient to self-administer this test with an electric toothbrush or vibrator/massager, if available. Vibration of the mastoids and vertex will induce an ipsilesional slow phase with unilateral vestibular loss (https://collections.lib.utah.edu/details?id=1427582).Image/MovingImage
291 Vibration and Hyperventilation-induced Nystagmus from Vestibular Schwannoma𝗢𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗗𝗲𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: This is a 50-yo-woman with imbalance, and with fixation removed on her examination (with Frenzel goggles), there was no spontaneous nystagmus. Using a handheld vibrator to vibrate the mastoids and vertex, there was a righ...Image/MovingImage
292 Vibration-Induced Nystagmus in a Patient with Vestibular Neuritis𝗢𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗗𝗲𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: This is a 60-year-old man who experienced the sudden onset of vertigo, oscillopsia, imbalance, nausea and vomiting. He was seen in the emergency department within hours and had spontaneous right-beating (RBN) and torsiona...Image/MovingImage
293 Visual SensitivityImage/MovingImage
294 Voluntary Ocular Flutter𝗢𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗗𝗲𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: This is a 45-yo-man with intermittent complaints of horizontal oscillopsia for 1 year. On examination, all classes of eye movements were normal, and neurologic examination was normal. MRI of the brain had been performed p...Image/MovingImage
295 Wall-eyed Bilateral INO in Caudal Midbrain LesionThis is a 30-yo-woman with the relatively acute onset of diplopia. There was a large angle exotropia, very subtle lag of the adducting saccades OD>OS, suggestive of bilateral INOs. This was best seen with rapid horizontal saccades, and a lesion involving bilateral MLFs in the caudal midbrain was dem...Image/MovingImage
296 Wall-eyed Bilateral Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia (WEBINO) in MSThis is a young woman with a years-long history of multiple sclerosis who presented 2 years prior to this examination with complaints of oscillopsia (which was due to spontaneous upbeat nystagmus), as well as diplopia (which was due to bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia, INO). ; ; At the time of...Image/MovingImage
297 Wallenberg Syndrome in MS𝗢𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗗𝗲𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: 30-yo-woman with MS presenting with acute vertigo and vertical diplopia. Examination demonstrated several aspects of the Wallenberg syndrome (her acute demyelinating lesion was in the left lateral medulla): ipsilesional (...Image/MovingImage
298 Wrong Way Nystagmus - Cranial Nerve 7 and 8Image/MovingImage
299 Yacovino Maneuver or the Deep Head Hanging Maneuver for AC-BPPV (Video)The Yacovino maneuver is used to treat anterior canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (AC-BPPV) and does not require the clinician to distinguish which side is involved. Additionally, when the patient completes cervical flexion, the motion may cause otoconial debris to enter the posterior semic...Image/MovingImage
300 Zuma Maneuver for Right Horizontal Canal Cupulolithiasis (Apogeotropic Nystagmus) (Video)The Zuma Maneuver is used to treat horizontal canal cupulolithiasis (apogeotropic nystagmus). 1. The patient begins in a seated position. 2. The patient transitions quickly to lying position on their affected side, with their head in neutral, and maintains this position for three minutes. 3. The pat...Image/MovingImage
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