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 | Schmidt, Meic H.; Couldwell, William T. | Far lateral transcondylar transtubercular approach to lesions of the ventral foramen magnum and craniovertebral junction | The craniovertebral junction, which consists of the lower one third of the clivus, the foramen magnum, and the CI and C2 vertebrae, is a common site for neoplastic, vascular, congenital, and degenerative lesions of the cranial base. The far lateral transcondylar transtubercular approach (commonlyr... | Far-lateral; Transcondylar; Transtubercular; Ventral foramen magnum; Craniovertebral junction | 2007 |
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 | Couldwell, William T.; Apfelbaum, Ronald I. | Transoral approach and extended modifications for lesions of the ventral foramen magnum and craniovertebral junction | Objectives: To describe our method of performing the transoral approach and the extended approaches to the ventral foramen magnum and craniovertebral junction and review the technical aspects and operative nuances. Design: Review Results: The transoral approach provides direct midline exposure to a... | Craniovertebral junction; Foramen magnum; Skull base surgery; Transoral approach | 2008 |