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TitleDescriptionSubject
1 Chronic Facial Nerve Palsy with Aberrant RegenerationThis is a 35-year-old woman who was diagnosed with right sided Bell's palsy six months prior. Contrast-enhanced MRI at that time was normal. This video demonstrates the phenomenon of aberrant regeneration (synkinesia) of the facial nerve. Due to aberrant regeneration, at rest the right palpebral fi...Facial Nerve
2 Complete Peripheral Vestibulopathy & Ipsilateral Facial Palsy𝗢𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗗𝗲𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: 60-yo-man who suffered the fairly abrupt onset (over hours) of right lower motor neuron facial nerve palsy (7th cranial nerve), vertigo and deafness in the right ear (8th cranial nerve). Vesicles were noted on otoscopy, a...Ramsay Hunt; Facial Nerve Palsy; Vestibulocochlear Nerve Palsy; Vestibulo-ocular Reflex (VOR)
3 Hemifacial SpasmThis is a 45-year-old man with intermittent left facial twitching and eyelid closure for the last 6 months. With observation, spontaneous left facial spasms were seen involving the orbicularis oculi and oris muscles. With voluntary contraction of left facial muscles, with smiling for instance, there...Facial Nerve
4 Horizontal Gaze Palsy, Facial Nerve Palsy, and Nystagmus Due to Dorsal Pontine Ischemia𝗢𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗗𝗲𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: Presented here are two patients with horizontal gaze and facial palsies due to stroke. The first patient is a 60-year-old man who presented with double vision and hemiparesis due to a right dorsal pontine ischemic stroke....One-and-a-Half Syndome; Horizontal Gaze Palsy; Pons; Jerk Nystagmus; Upbeat Nystagmus; Gaze Evoked Nystagmus; Facial Nerve Palsy; Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia
5 Multiple Cranial Neuropathies Due to Glomus TumorThis is a woman who was diagnosed with a right sided glomus tumor, and subsequently underwent resection. Seen here are multiple cranial neuropathies related to the tumor itself as well as to the surgery. She cannot abduct the right eye due to a right CN VI palsy. She has a right lower motor neuron f...Sixth Nerve Palsy; Facial Nerve; Glossopharyngeal Nerve; Vagus Nerve; Hypoglossal Nerve
6 Oculopalatal Tremor and Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia Due to Hemorrhagic Pontine Cavernoma𝗢𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗗𝗲𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: This is a 60-year-old woman who experienced 2 episodes of vertigo, nausea and vomiting, which was felt to be related to recurrent hemorrhage of a pontine cavernoma that was adjacent to the fourth ventricle. The cavernoma ...Pendular Nystagmus; Oculopalatal Tremor; INO; Pons OMS; Seventh Facial Nerve
7 Oculopalatal Tremor and One-and-a-Half Syndrome Due to Pontine Hemorrhage𝗢𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗗𝗲𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: This is a 65-year-old man who was put on a blood thinner, and shortly thereafter experienced a midline pontine hemorrhage, which was more dense on the left side. Immediately afterwards, right hemiparesis and hemi-anesthes...Pendular Nystagmus; Oculopalatal Tremor; INO; One-and-a-Half; Pons OMS; Seventh Facial Nerve; Sixth Abducens Nerve
8 Oculopalatal Tremor with Prominent Nystagmus, Bilateral Horizontal Gaze Palsy, and Bilateral Facial Palsies𝗢𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗗𝗲𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: This is a 50-year-old woman who experienced the acute onset of right sixth and seventh nerve palsies and left hemiparesis. Two cavernomas within the right pons (one in the region of the facial colliculus) were demonstrat...Abnormal Range; Sixth Nerve Palsy; Facial Nerve; Horizontal Gaze Palsy; OMS Pons; Pendular Nystagmus; Oculopalatal
9 Oculopalatal Tremor with Prominent Nystagmus, Bilateral Horizontal Gaze Palsy, and Bilateral Facial Palsies (Figure 1)Figure 1, MRI T2 sequence demonstrating hyperintensities involving bilateral inferior olives of the medulla. This is a 50-year-old woman who experienced the acute onset of right sixth and seventh nerve palsies and left hemiparesis. Two cavernomas within the right pons (one in the region of the facia...Abnormal Range; Sixth Nerve Palsy; Facial Nerve; Horizontal Gaze Palsy; OMS Pons; Pendular Nystagmus; Oculopalatal
10 One-and-a-Half Syndrome, Facial Palsy, and Nystagmus Due to Dorsal Pontine DemyelinationThis is a 16-yo-girl with oscillopsia and double vision. Exam showed inability to look to the left with either eye due to left nuclear 6th. There was also a left INO (horizontal gaze palsy + INO = one-and-a-half syndrome) from left MLF involvement and left lower motor neuron facial palsy due to fasc...One-and-a-half Syndrome; Horizontal Gaze Palsy; Pons; Jerk Nystagmus; Upbeat Nystagmus; Facial Nerve Palsy; Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia
11 Pons: 6th and 7th Nerve Anatomy and the Central Segmental TractFrom this cross-section of the pons, the proximity of the 6th nucleus to the 7th nerve fascicles is apparent. This is the basis of the so-called facial colliculus syndrome, where an ipsilesional horizontal gaze palsy from a nuclear 6th lesion (usually related to stroke or demyelination) can be seen ...Sixth Nerve Palsy; Inter Nuclear Ophthalmoplegia; INO; One-and-a-Half; Horizontal Gaze Palsy; OMS Pons; Facial Nerve; Oculopalatal
12 Pons: 6th, 7th, 8th, and Middle Cerebellar Peduncle AnatomyFrom this cross-section of the pons, the proximity of the 7th and 8th fascicles can be appreciated, and a lateral inferior pontine syndrome (anterior inferior cerebellar artery territory), which could involve both of these fascicles, could cause acute prolonged vertigo accompanied by a + ipsilateral...Sixth Nerve Palsy; OMS Pons; Facial Nerve; VOR Normal; VOR Abnormal
13 Pontine Hemorrhage Causing Oculopalatal Tremor and Multiple Cranial NeuropathiesThis is a 45-yo-woman who had a dorsal pontine cavernoma that bled 2 years prior to this video. Symptoms included diplopia and oscillopsia. On examination, she had left>right facial palsies (upper and lower face from involvement of the nucleus/fascicle - i.e., lower motor neuron palsies) and sixth n...Sixth Nerve Palsy; Pons; Pendular Nystagmus; Oculopalatal Tremor
14 The Acute Vestibular Syndrome with Skew Deviation, Gaze-evoked Nystagmus, and Bilaterally Abnormal Head Impulse Testing Due to AICA StrokeThis is a 60-year-old man with the acute onset of prolonged vertigo and nystagmus, consistent with the acute vestibular syndrome (AVS). HINTS (Head Impulse, Nystagmus, Test of Skew) exam demonstrated a central pattern: 1) Head impulse test (HIT) was abnormal to the right and to the left. An abnormal...Abnormal VOR-HIT; Abnormal Alignment; Skew; Jerk Nystagmus; Gaze Evoked Nystagmus; Acute Vestibular Syndrome; Seventh Nerve; OMS Pons; OMS Cerebellar
15 Trigeminal, Facial (with Aberrant Regeneration), and Vestibulocochlear Nerve Palsies Following Tumor ResectionThis is a 30-yo-woman who underwent resection of a right trigeminal schwannoma. Post-operatively, she was vertiginous with a clearly + head impulse test to the right (and spontaneous left-beating nystagmus), had lost hearing in the right ear, had no facial sensation on the right, and had a right low...Vestibulo-ocular Reflex and Head Impulse Testing Abnormal; Facial Nerve
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